Table 1.
Fiber source, world production, cellulose content, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and density of various natural fibers [17] (reproduced with thanks from Elsevier, License Number: 5206330256793).
| Fiber Source | World Production (103 ton) | Cellulose (wt%) | Hemicellulose (wt%) | Lignin (wt%) | Waxes (wt%) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Young’s Modulus (GPa) | Elongation at Break (%) | Density [g/cm3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bamboo | 30,000 | 26–43 | 30 | 21–31 | 140–230 | 11–17 | 0.6–1.1 | ||
| Bagasse | 75,000 | 55.2 | 16.8 | 25.3 | - | 290 | 17 | 1.25 | |
| Coir | 100 | 32–43 | 0.15–0.25 | 40–45 | 175 | 4–6 | 30 | 1.2 | |
| Pineapple | |||||||||
| Ramie | 100 | 68.6–76.2 | 13–16 | 0.6–0.7 | 0.3 | 560 | 24.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| Abaca | 70 | 56–63 | 20–25 | 7–9 | 3 | 400 | 12 | 3–10 | 1.5 |
| Flax | 830 | 71 | 18.6–20.6 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 345–1035 | 27.6 | 2.7–3.2 | 1.5 |
| Jute | 2300 | 61–71 | 14–20 | 12–13 | 0.5 | 393–773 | 26.5 | 1.5–1.8 | 1.3 |
| Hemp | 214 | 68 | 15 | 10 | 0.8 | 690 | 70 | 1.6 | 1.48 |
| Sisal | 378 | 65 | 12 | 9.9 | 2 | 511–635 | 9.4–22 | 2.0–2.5 | 1.5 |