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(a) The principle of the S. typhimurium biosensor based on IMS, enzyme catalysis and electrical signal for the detection of S. typhimurium. Reproduced from [40] with permission of Elsevier. (b) The principle of the colorimetric biosensor for rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7 based on AuNPs aggregation and smartphone imaging. Reproduced from [16] with permission of Elsevier
