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. 2022 Jan 7;8:815845. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.815845

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Copyright © 2022 Carvajal-Maldonado, Drogalis Beckham, Wood and Doublié.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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End-trimming. (A) The top strand of DNA cannot serve as a primer for successful repair because the microhomology (red) is internal. Two terminal 3′ nt (violet) are unpaired. Pol θ can process ssDNA ends by two modes: (B) Transient self-pairing of a 3′ end within pol θ (violet nt) can lead to end-trimming catalysis, resulting in removal of 2 nt (in this case). This allows the internal microhomology (red) to engage in productive priming. (C) Transient self-pairing of a 3′ end within pol θ (violet nt) can alternatively result in limited synthesis. In this case, 4 nt (green) that are complementary to an internal microhomology on the bottom strand of DNA are synthesized. The result of this process is a short, templated insertion.