Table 1. Background characteristics of 391 participants by HIV status.
| HIV-infected (n = 272) | HIV-uninfected (n = 119) | P values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex, n (%) | 163 (60.0) | 72 (61.0) | 0.92 |
| Age (years), mean (SD)a | 38.5 (11.0) | 39.8 (10.5) | 0.27 |
| Education levelb, n (%) | |||
| Never went to school | 51 (18.9) | 5 (4.2) | <0.01 |
| Primary school | 186 (68.9) | 84 (70.6) | |
| Higher education/vocational | 33 (12.2) | 30 (25.2) | |
| Employmentb, n (%) | |||
| Salary employee | 50 (18.5) | 12 (10.1) | 0.09 |
| Self-employed /other | 182 (67.4) | 86 (72.3) | |
| Unemployed/housewife | 38 (14.1) | 21 (17.9) | |
| Body mass indexb (kg/m2), mean (SD)a | 20.84 (3.9) | 24.33 (4.9) | <0.01 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), n (%) | |||
| Normal (18.5—<25) | 156 (57.3) | 70 (59.0) | <0.01 |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 72 (26.5) | 6 (5.0) | |
| Overweight (>25) | 44 (16.1) | 43 (36.1) | |
| Abdominal obesityc(cm), n (%) | 22 (8.0) | 29 (24.4) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD)a | 11.4 (2.8) | 13.5 (2.2) | <0.01 |
| Anaemia, n (%) | |||
| No anaemiad | 102 (38.0) | 95 (79.8) | <0.01 |
| Milde | 64 (23.5) | 14 (11.7) | |
| Moderatef | 88 (32.4) | 7.(5.9) | |
| Severeg | 18 (6.6) | 3 (2.5) | |
| CD4 countsb (cells/μL), n (%) | |||
| ≥500 | 36 (13.2) | 97 (81.5) | <0.01 |
| 201–499 | 100 (36.8) | 20 (16.8) | |
| ≤ 200 | 136 (50.0) | 2 (1.7) | |
| CRPb, i (mg/L), median, (IQR)h | 3.43 (1.2, 17.1) | 1.45 (0.7, 3.4) | 0.01 |
| Physical activity energy expenditure (kj/kg/day), mean, (SD)a | 33.4 (18.8) | 40.7 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| Sleeping heart rate (beats/min), mean, (SD)a | 68.5 (12.1) | 60.8 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| Grip strength (Kg), mean (SD)a | 26.4 (8.6) | 31.3 (9.8) | <0.001 |
a Standard deviation;
b Missing data: Two on education, 10 on body mass index, three on CRP, four on CD4 count;
c waist circumference > 102 for men or > 88 for women;
d no anaemia ≥12.0 g/dL for men/≥13 g/dL for women;
e mild anaemia 11.0–11.9 g/dL for men/11.0–12.9 g/dL women;
f moderate anaemia 8.0–10.9 g/dL for men/8.0–10.9 g/dL for women;
g severe anemia <8.0 g/dL for men/<8.0 g/dL for women;
h interquartile range (IQR)
iC-creative protein.
P-values were obtained from t-test for continuous variable or X2 test for categorical variable.