Table 1. Comparison of the general clinical parameters for the patients.
| GU patients | Chronic OA patients | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAS score 0–1 (control) | VAS score 0–2 (very mild pain) | VAS score ≥ 3 (pain) | |||
| N | 14 | 8 | 21 | ||
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 57.3 ± 8.7 | 59.9 ± 6.6 | 62.2 ± 7.6 | F = 1.661a | 0.203 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 6 (42.9) | 7 (87.5) | 15 (71.4) | χ2 = 5.187b | 0.075 |
| Body weight (kg, mean ± SD) | 66.5 ± 6.9 | 73.1 ± 15.9 | 69.9 ± 13.1 | F = 0.793a | 0.459 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 25.5 ± 2.8 | 28.6 ± 4.8 | 28.6 ± 4.6 | F = 2.737a | 0.077 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 3 (21.4) | 2 (25.0) | 12 (57.1) | χ2 = 5.351b | 0.069 |
| DM, n (%) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (12.5) | 6 (28.6) | χ2 = 2.789b | 0.248 |
| Mean VAS pain score (mean ± SD) | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.8** | 3.4 ± 0.7***### | F = 85.907a | < 0.0001 |
| Duration of pain (day, mean ± SD) | 75.1 ± 186.6 | 1665.0 ± 1200.0*** | 1060.0 ± 921.9** | F = 10.635a | < 0.0001 |
| Pain-relieving drugs used, n (%) | 5 (35.7) | 1 (12.5) | 7 (31.8) | χ2 = 1.488b | 0.475 |
| Opioid, n | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| NSAID, n | 2 | 1 | 6 | ||
| Acetaminophen, n | 3 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Operation (n) | Hernia (2) | OA hip replacement (2) | OA hip replacement (3) | ||
| Hydrocele (1) | OA knee replacement (6) | OA knee replacement (17) | |||
| Ureterscope (11) | Knee arthroscopy (1) | ||||
GU, genitourinary examination or operation. OA, osteoarthritis. VAS, Visual Analogue Scale. BMI, body mass index. DM, diabetes mellitus. NSAIDS, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (etoricoxib, naproxen). Patients with GU diseases without obvious pain (VAS score 0–1 at rest) were included as a comparison (control) group. Patients with OA were divided into very mild pain (VAS score 0–2) and pain (VAS score ≥ 3) groups according to their level of pain. Data were presented as means ± standard deviation (SD), n, or n (%).
aOne-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc multiple comparison
**p < 0.001
***p < 0.0001 vs. GU control patients
###p < 0.0001 vs. OA patients with very mild pain.
bAnalysis of χ2 test.