Table 1.

Examples of human conditions inducing different types of stress within the CNS. See text for details.

Human Chronic Conditions	Induced CNS Stressor
CNS Alterations
BBB Dysfunction	Inflammation
Repeated Traumatic Brain Injury	Inflammation
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA)	Hypoxia and Starvation
Hormonal Imbalance	Starvation
Sleep Disturbance	Hypoxia and Inflammation
Metabolic Disorders
Chronic Liver Disease	Starvation and Inflammation and Increased Aβ
Metabolic Syndrome	Inflammation
Diabetes	Starvation and Inflammation
Obesity and Unbalanced Diets	Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Changes in Blood Flow and Composition
Cardiovascular Disease	Hypoxia and Starvation
Abnormal Blood Pressure	Hypoxia and Starvation
Atherosclerosis	Hypoxia and Starvation
Vascular Inflammation	Inflammation
Low and High Hemoglobin Levels	Hypoxia
Inflammation and Toxic Agents
Microbial Infections	Inflammation
Systemic Inflammation	Inflammation
MItochondrial Dysfunction	Oxidative Stress
ROS / RNS	Oxidative Stress
Smoking	Hypoxia and Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Alcohol	Inflammation (BBB leakage)
Environmental Toxins and Metals	Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Autoimmune Diseases	Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Other Conditions
Chronic lung disease	Hypoxia
Chronic Kidney Disease	Inflammation and Increased Aβ
Aging	Inflammation and Oxidative Stress