Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study cohort.
COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Values are shown as absolute count or median (interquartile range). PBW: Predicted body weight. NIV: Non-invasive ventilation. PEEP: Positive End-Expiratory Pressure. *p-values calculated for proportion over the number of intubated patients.
| rs1990760 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n=227) | TT (n=65) | CC/CT (n=162) | p-value | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 67 (60–75) | 68.5 (63–75.25) | 66 (58–75) | 0.123 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 174 (77) | 47 (72) | 127 (78) | 0.327 |
| Female | 53 (23) | 18 (28) | 35 (22) | |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 3 (1.5) | 1 (2) | 2 (1.5) | 0.527 |
| White | 207 (91) | 62 (95) | 146 (90) | |
| Latino | 15 (7) | 2 (3) | 13 (8) | |
| Asian | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30 (27–33) | 30 (26–33) | 30 (27–32) | 0.592 |
| Days since symptom onset | 8 (6–11) | 8 (6–10) | 8 (6–11) | 0.873 |
| Days from hospital admission to ICU admission | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | 0.841 |
| APACHE-II score | 15 (12–18) | 15.5 (13–18) | 14 (11—18) | 0.177 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Arterial hypertension | 132 (58) | 38 (59) | 94 (58) | 0.932 |
| Diabetes | 51 (23) | 14 (22) | 37 (23) | 1 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 15 (7) | 5 (8) | 10 (6) | 0.743 |
| COPD | 17 (8) | 7 (11) | 10 (6) | 0.339 |
| Cirrhosis | 2 (1) | 1 (2) | 1 (0.5) | 1 |
| Neoplasms | ||||
| No | 215 (95) | 62 (95)3 (5)0 | 154 (95) | 0.669 |
| Active | 10 (4) | 3 (5) | 7 (3.5) | |
| Past | 2 (1) | 0 | 2 (1.5) | |
| Immunosuppresive drugs (incl. steroids) | 5 (2) | 3 (5) | 2 (1.5) | 0.142 |
| Lung function at ICU admission | ||||
| Ventilation at admission | ||||
| Spontaneous /NIV | 38 (17) | 11 (17) | 27 (17) | 0.278 |
| Controlled invasive ventilation | 187 (82.5) | 53 (82) | 135 (83) | |
| Pressure support ventilation | 1 (0.5) | 1 (2) | 0 | |
| FiO2 | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.104 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 204 (155–267) | 185 (142–226) | 218 (162–282) | 0.007 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 43 (39–47) | 44 (39–47) | 43 (39–48) | 0.924 |
| Respiratory rate (min–1) | 18 (16–20) | 18 (16–20) | 18 (16–22) | 0.929 |
| Arterial pH | 7.38 (7.32–7.41) | 7.38 (7.33–7.42) | 7.37 (7.32–7.41) | 0.805 |
| Tidal volume/PBW (ml/Kg) | 7.6 (6.9–8.4) | 8 (6.9–9.2) | 7.5 (7–8.1) | 0.109 |
| Plateau pressure (cmH2O) | 24 (21–28) | 24 (22–29) | 24 (21–27) | 0.221 |
| PEEP (cmH2O) | 12 (10–14) | 12 (10–14) | 12 (10–14) | 0.397 |
| Driving pressure (cmH2O) | 12 (10–14) | 12 (10–14) | 12 (10–14) | 0.496 |
| Respiratory system compliance (ml/cmH2O) | 38 (32–50) | 36 (31–44) | 42 (32–50) | 0.11 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| Leukocytes (×103/μl) | 8.34 (6.05–11.38) | 8.77 (5.96–11.52) | 8.29 (6.08–11.18) | 0.773 |
| Lymphocytes (×103/μl) | 0.65 (0.48–0.93) | 0.62 (0.47–0.94) | 0.67 (0.49–0.93) | 0.266 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.83 (0.62–1.13) | 0.87 (0.62–1.14) | 0.82 (0.62–1.11) | 0.859 |
| Serum ferritin (ng/ml) | 1107 (717–1667) | 965 (634–1263) | 1262 (776–2374) | 0.011 |
| D-dimer (ng/ml) | 1053 (681–1967) | 1085 (643–1805) | 1036 (683–2126) | 0.854 |
| Additional treatments at ICU admission | ||||
| Steroids | 178 (78) | 51 (79) | 127 (78) | 1 |
| Vasoactive drugs | 102 (45) | 27 (42) | 75 (46) | 0.686 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 210 (93) | 59 (91) | 151 (93) | 0.724 |
| Neuromuscular blocking agents | 99 (44) | 30 (46) | 69 (43) | 0.733* |
| Prone ventilation | 119 (52) | 32 (49) | 87 (54) | 0.657* |
| ECMO | 5 (2) | 2 (3) | 3 (2) | 0.544* |