. 2021 Dec 22;127(1):279–289. doi: 10.1152/jn.00316.2021

Table 5.

AAL parcels and between groups’ significance

Left Hemisphere	Parcel Name	Delta	Theta	Alpha	Beta	Mean Significance Per Band	Right Hemisphere	Parcel Name	Theta	Alpha	Beta	Mean Siginificance Per Band
Frontal	Frontal_Inf_Tri_L	0.00041 ^*	0.00169 ^*	0.00340	0.00529 ^*	0.00067	Frontal	Frontal_Med_Orb_R		0.00161		0.00161
	Frontal_Inf_Orb_L		0.00663 ^*	0.00060	0.00643 ^*	0.00152		Supp_Motor_Area_R			0.00187 ^*	0.00187
	Frontal_Mid_L		0.00465 ^*	0.00464 ^*	0.00990 ^*	0.00213		Precentral_R			0.00276 ^*	0.00276
	Frontal_Inf_Oper_L		0.00135 ^*	0.01010	0.00905 ^*	0.00228		Frontal_Sup_Medial_R		0.00265	0.00916 ^*	0.00295
	Precentral_L				0.00247 ^*	0.00247		Frontal_Inf_Orb_R			0.00387 ^*	0.00387
	Supp_Motor_Area_L		0.00257 ^*	0.01445	0.00649 ^*	0.00261		Frontal_Sup_R		0.01184	0.00401 ^*	0.00396
	Frontal_Sup_Orb_L			0.00640	0.00524 ^*	0.00291		Frontal_Sup_Orb_R		0.00230	0.01482 ^*	0.00428
	Frontal_Mid_Orb_L			0.00136	0.01146 ^*	0.00320		Frontal_Mid_R		0.01381	0.01186 ^*	0.00642
	Frontal_Sup_Medial_L			0.00353		0.00353		Frontal_Mid_Orb_R		0.00318	0.02275 ^*	0.00648
	Rectus_L			0.01033	0.00995 ^*	0.00507		Frontal_Inf_Oper_R			0.00716 ^*	0.00716
	Frontal_Sup_L			0.00802	0.01858 ^*	0.00665		Rectus_R		0.01175	0.01868 ^*	0.00761
	Frontal_Med_Orb_L			0.00817	0.02019 ^*	0.00709		Frontal_Inf_Tri_R			0.00955 ^*	0.00955
Parietal	SupraMarginal_L		0.00576 ^*	0.00380 ^*	0.00247 ^*	0.00134	Parietal	SupraMarginal_R			0.00175 ^*	0.00175
	Parietal_Inf_L			0.00390 ^*	0.00155 ^*	0.00136		Postcentral_R			0.00219 ^*	0.00219
	Parietal_Sup_L				0.00164 ^*	0.00164		Paracentral_Lobule_R			0.00436 ^*	0.00436
	Postcentral_L			0.00835 ^*	0.00177 ^*	0.00253		Angular_R			0.00544 ^*	0.00544
	Angular_L			0.00887 ^*	0.00834 ^*	0.00430		Parietal_Sup_R			0.00581 ^*	0.00581
	Precuneus_L				0.00449 ^*	0.00449		Precuneus_R			0.01062 ^*	0.01062
	Paracentral_Lobule_L				0.00549 ^*	0.00549		Parietal_Inf_R			0.01067 ^*	0.01067
Temporal	Temporal_Sup_L		0.00591 ^*	0.00343	0.00583 ^*	0.00169	Temporal	Temporal_Pole_Mid_R	0.00587 ^*	0.01096	0.00196 ^*	0.00209
	Temporal_Pole_Sup_L		0.00565 ^*	0.00261 ^*	0.01057 ^*	0.00209		Temporal_Pole_Sup_R			0.00313 ^*	0.00313
	Temporal_Pole_Mid_L		0.00610 ^*	0.00305	0.01383 ^*	0.00255		Temporal_Sup_R			0.02131	0.02131
	Temporal_Inf_L		0.00208 ^*	0.00483 ^*	0.02127 ^*	0.00313		Heschl_R			0.02565	0.02565
	Temporal_Mid_L		0.00664 ^*	0.00758 ^*	0.01643 ^*	0.00341
	Heschl_L				0.01138 ^*	0.01138
Occipital	Occipital_Sup_L				0.02138 ^*	0.02138
	Cuneus_L				0.02298 ^*	0.02298
Other	Insula_L		0.00330 ^*	0.00664	0.01269 ^*	0.00251	Other	Cingulum_Ant_R		0.00762	0.00522 ^*	0.00321
	Cerebellum_10_L			0.00279 ^*		0.00279		Rolandic_Oper_R			0.00610 ^*	0.00610
	Cingulum_Ant_L		0.00307 ^*	0.01502	0.02158 ^*	0.00441		Cingulum_Mid_R			0.00634 ^*	0.00634
	Rolandic_Oper_L			0.00668	0.01272 ^*	0.00485		Caudate_R			0.01068 ^*	0.01068
	Putamen_L		0.00570 ^*	0.01283	0.02572 ^*	0.00492		Insula_R			0.01270 ^*	0.01270
	Pallidum_L		0.00540 ^*			0.00540		Putamen_R			0.01282 ^*	0.01282
	Cerebellum_7b_L			0.00814 ^*		0.00814		Pallidum_R			0.01506 ^*	0.01506
	Hippocampus_L				0.00928 ^*	0.00928		Amygdala_R			0.01752 ^*	0.01752
	ParaHippocampal_L				0.01079 ^*	0.01079		Olfactory_R			0.01971 ^*	0.01971
	Amygdala_L			0.01541	0.02862 ^*	0.01101
	Cingulum_Mid_L				0.01164 ^*	0.01164
	Cerebellum_8_L			0.01251 ^*		0.01251
	Thalamus_L				0.01350 ^*	0.01350
	Cingulum_Post_L				0.02380 ^*	0.02380

P values of parcels showing significant (P < 0.01) differences in each band power between cognitive phenotypes, grouped by brain lobe and hemisphere. Parcels are ranked in increasing order by average P value for that parcel divided by total number of bands achieving significance (far right column). Left frontal lobe areas, corresponding to speech centers of Broca’s area, as well as left temporal lobe areas, are particularly prominent, showing high significance in multiple bands. Beta power significance was the most widespread of the five bands, being substantial in parcels across the brain including the occipital lobe. Given that the parcellation used (AAL) contains 116 parcels, this is far above what would be expected by chance or random fluctuation. As an additional test of whether the observed parcel power significance might simply be due to chance, we randomly permuted the parcel identities for each patient and then ran ANOVA again. In this case, even after multiple repetitions, no parcels yielded P values under 0.05. AAL, anatomical automatic labeling.

Bolded values indicate significant changes occurring between the Parkinson’s disease normal cognition (PD-NC) and Parkinson’s disease mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) groups rather than other group comparisons.