Table 2.

Effects of mother’s education, pre/post school holidays) and their interaction on verbal cognitive ability and SDQ scores – (Ages 7, 11, 14)

		Effect estimates			Sample sizes
	Age	Mother’s Educationa	School holidaysb	Interactionc
SDQd	7	5.2 (3.3, 8.1)	1.3 (1.0, 1.6)	1.4 (0.6, 3.2)	4670
	11	2.5 (1.5, 3.9)	0.8 (0.6, 1.1)	0.9 (0.4, 2.6)	3372
	14	3.5 (2.3, 5.2)	1.3 (1.0, 1.6)	1.5 (0.7, 3.2)	3700
SDQ-prosociald	7	1.2 (0.7,2.2)	1.1 (0.7,1.6)	0.4 (0.1, 1.5)	4709
	11	1.9 (0.8,4.2)	1.2 (0.7, 1.9)	0.7 (0.1,3.1)	3285
	14	2.1 (1.3,3.6)	1.1 (0.8, 1.5)	1.2 (0.5, 3.5)	3703
Verbal cognitive abilitye	7	−14.7 (− 17.2, − 12.3)	− 2.4 (− 5.0, 0.2)	1.3 (− 3.3, 6.0)	4692
	11	−8.4 (− 10.2, − 6.6)	1.2 (−1.3, 3.9)	−0.7 (− 4.3, 2.8)	3398
	14	−2.1 (− 2.4, − 1.7)	0.1 (− 0.3, 0.5)	−0.3 (− 1.0, 0.4)	3498

^aComparison of lowest (GCSE grades D-G, equivalent or none) vs highest (university degree) level of mother’s education

^bComparison of children measured in the 2–3 months after vs. 2–3 months before the school summer holidays

^cInteraction of lowest education and post-holiday period (Reference category: highest education category)

^dOdds Ratio (95 CI)

^eb (95 CI)