Table 3.
Patient participant characteristics associated with telemedicine being useful during the COVID-19 pandemic, N = 205§
| Variable | How useful have your medical appointments with telemedicine/telehealth been during the COVID emergency? | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio† (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extremely/very | Moderately/slightly/not at all | |||
| Age§§ | 53.0 (10.1) | 51.5 (11.7) | 1.13 (0.88–1.46) | 1.22 (0.91–1.63) |
| Current gender‡ | ||||
| Female | 45 (51.7%) | 55 (46.6%) | 1.23 (0.71–2.14) | |
| Male | 42 (48.3%) | 63 (53.4%) | Ref | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 21 (24.1%) | 27 (22.9%) | Ref | |
| Black | 57 (65.5%) | 76 (64.4%) | 0.96 (0.50–1.88) | |
| Other | 9 (10.3%) | 15 (12.7%) | 0.77 (0.28–2.11) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 12 (14%) | 18 (15.3%) | 0.90 (0.41–1.99) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 74 (86%) | 100 (84.7%) | Ref | |
| Annual household income | ||||
| $0 to $25,000 | 60 (71.5%) | 72 (61.5%) | Ref | |
| $25,000 or more | 24 (28.5%) | 45 (38.5%) | 0.64 (0.35–1.17) | |
| Employment change due to COVID-19 outbreaka | ||||
| Changed | 16 (18.4%) | 20 (16.9%) | 1.10 (0.54–2.28) | |
| Unchanged | 71 (81.6%) | 98 (83.1%) | Ref | |
| Engaged in recent HIV care | ||||
| No | 14 (16.1%) | 8 (6.8%) | 2.64 (1.05–6.60)* | 2.03 (0.74–5.61) |
| Yes | 73 (83.9%) | 110 (93.2%) | Ref | Ref |
| Undetectable HIV viral load | ||||
| No | 10 (11.5%) | 17 (14.4%) | 0.77 (0.33–1.78) | |
| Yes | 77 (88.5%) | 101 (85.6%) | Ref | |
| Missed any ART during COVID-19 pandemic | ||||
| No | 67 (77.9%) | 102 (86.4%) | Ref | |
| Yes | 19 (22.1%) | 16 (13.6%) | 1.81 (0.87–3.76) | |
| Owned a smartphone | ||||
| No | 10 (12.3%) | 36 (34%) | 0.27 (0.13–0.59)*** | 0.29 (0.13–0.67)** |
| Yes | 71 (87.7%) | 70 (66%) | Ref | Ref |
| Site location | ||||
| New Haven, CT | 48 (55.2%) | 84 (71.2%) | Ref | Ref |
| Brooklyn, NY | 39 (44.8%) | 34 (28.8%) | 2.01 (1.12–3.59)* | 1.10 (0.55–2.22) |
Statistically significant values are shown in bold
§One participant was excluded from analysis due to missing responses
§§In 10-year increments
*P value less than 0.05
**P value less than 0.01
***P value less than 0.001
†Adjusted for age, recent engagement in HIV care, smartphone ownership, and location
‡ Four participants indicated that their current gender was different from their assigned gender at birth
aThe survey question was “Has there been any change in your employment status due to coronavirus?”