Table 5.

Final model of factors affecting signal crayfish dispersal rate in relation to personality traits (PC1, Activity-Distance; PC2, Boldness-Exploration-Climbing), population density and refuge availability, obtained by averaging of the top four models shown in Table S3.

Factors	Sum of square	Coefficient estimate	Standard error	df	F	p	95% CI of coefficient
Mass	0.068			1.84	2.72	0.103	− 0.311 to 0.029
Refuge	0.121			1.84	4.83	0.031	− 0.485 to − 0.024
Site	0.201			2.84	4.01	0.022
FE versus NE		0.024	0.134			0.860	− 0.242 to 0.289
FE versus IF		0.330	0.143			0.023	0.047 to 0.614
Site:PC1	0.538			3.84	7.15	< 0.001
FE		0.080	0.034			0.021	0.012 to 0.147
NE		− 0.022	0.037			0.556	− 0.096 to 0.052
IF		− 0.169	0.043			< 0.001	− 0.254 to − 0.083
Site:PC2	0.676			3.84	8.99	< 0.001
FE		− 0.035	0.051			0.495	− 0.135 to 0.066
NE		0.089	0.025			< 0.001	0.040 to 0.138
IF		0.112	0.030			< 0.001	0.051 to 0.172
Site:Density	0.577			3.84	7.68	< 0.001
FE		0.548	0.172			0.002	0.206 to 0.890
NE		1.347	0.386			< 0.001	0.580 to 2.113
IF		1.376	0.984			0.166	− 0.581 to 3.334

Significant values are in bold.

Sites: FE fully-established, NE newly-established, IF invasion front.