Table 1.

Different HF etiologies and their complications [39–41]

S. no.	HF—etiologies	Corresponding complications
1	CAD	Myocardial infarction and Ischaemia
2	Cardiomyopathy	Dilated, Hypertrophic, Restrictive and Obliterative
3	Valvar and Congenital heart disease	Mitral valve disease, Aortic valve disease, Atrial septal defect and Ventricular septal defect
4	Arrhythmias	Tachycardia, Bradycardia and Loss of Atrial support (Atrial fibrillation)
5	Alcohol and Drugs	Alcohol and Cardiac depressant drugs
6	High output failure	Anemia, thyrotoxicosis, arteriovenous fistulae, Paget's disease
7	Pericardial disease	Constrictive pericarditis, Pericardial effusion
8	Primary right HF	Pulmonary hypertension, Tricuspid incompetence
9	Hypertension	HFrEF and HFpEF