Table 3.

One-sided permutation p-values based on a studentized Wilcoxon rank-sum statistic⁵⁶ of the global null hypothesis that the intervention (CE vs. control) had no effect on ALFF changes during the experiment (see Supplementary Information, for indexed box charts). p-values have been adjusted for multiple comparisons using a closed testing procedure (FWE-correction)⁵⁷. Fisher’s chi-square combining function⁵⁵ was used to summarize evidence over the partial tests (last column). Effect sizes for between-group comparisons at all time intervals are reported as Cliff’s delta (d)⁵⁸ with the related 95% CI. The magnitude of d can be interpreted using the following thresholds: |d|< 0.147 "negligible", |d|< 0.33 "small", |d|< 0.474 "medium", otherwise "large"⁵⁹.

	MRI_1–MRI_2	MRI_1–MRI_3	MRI_1–MRI_4	MRI_1–MRI_5	NPC
FA_cluster04 18, − 63, 44	p = 0.17, d = 0.25, 95% CI [− 0.18, 0.60]	p = 0.076, d = 0.33, 95% CI [− 0.09, 0.65]	p = 0.029, d = 0.55, 95% CI [0.12, 0.81]	p = 0.29, d = 0.13, 95% CI [− 0.31, 0.53]	p = 0.017
FA_cluster03 30, − 62, 41	p = 0.18, d = 0.21, 95% CI [− 0.24, 0.58]	p = 0.1, d = 0.28, 95% CI [− 0.15, 0.61]	p = 0.014, d = 0.61, 95% CI [0.20, 0.84]	p = 0.093, d = 0.3, 95% CI [− 0.14, 0.64]	p = 0.009
FA_cluster02 38, − 60, 36	p = 0.2, d = 0.19, 95% CI [− 0.25, 0.57]	p = 0.14, d = 0.26, 95% CI [− 0.17, 0.60]	p = 0.036, d = 0.53, 95% CI [0.11, 0.79]	p = 0.086, d = 0.33, 95% CI [− 0.10, 0.66]	p = 0.021
FA_cluster01 24, − 59, 45	p = 0.15, d = 0.23, 95% CI [− 0.21, 0.60]	p = 0.053, d = 0.38, 95% CI [− 0.05, 0.68]	p = 0.013, d = 0.54, 95% CI [0.11, 0.80]	p = 0.2, d = 0.19, 95% CI [− 0.24, 0.56]	p = 0.004
λ⊥_cluster07 41, − 18, 34	p = 0.027, d = 0.46, 95% CI [0.03, 0.74]	p = 0.046, d = 0.36, 95% CI [− 0.06, 0.67]	p = 0.04, d = 0.42, 95% CI [− 0.01, 0.72]	p = 0.12, d = 0.25, 95% CI [− 0.19, 0.61]	p = 0.017
λ⊥_cluster06 39, − 7, 30	p = 0.039, d = 0.43, 95% CI [− 0.01, 0.73]	p = 0.036, d = 0.42, 95% CI [0, 0.71]	p = 0.027, d = 0.48, 95% CI [0.06, 0.76]	p = 0.15, d = 0.23, 95% CI [− 0.21, 0.60]	p = 0.012
λ⊥_cluster05 35, − 19, 35	p = 0.058, d = 0.43, 95% CI [− 0.01, 0.73]	p = 0.062, d = 0.36, 95% CI [− 0.06, 0.67]	p = 0.052, d = 0.41, 95% CI [− 0.02, 0.71]	p = 0.19, d = 0.19, 95% CI [− 0.24, 0.56]	p = 0.028
λ⊥_cluster04 49, 1, 26	p = 0.037, d = 0.43, 95% CI [− 0, 0.73]	p = 0.022, d = 0.47, 95% CI [0.05, 0.74]	p = 0.058, d = 0.43, 95% CI [− 0.02, 0.73]	p = 0.18, d = 0.19, 95% CI [− 0.24, 0.56]	p = 0.01
λ⊥_cluster03 44, − 21, 35	p = 0.02, d = 0.47, 95% CI [0.04, 0.75]	p = 0.046, d = 0.36, 95% CI [− 0.06, 0.67]	p = 0.045, d = 0.43, 95% CI [− 0.01, 0.72]	p = 0.13, d = 0.25, 95% CI [− 0.19, 0.60]	p = 0.016
λ⊥_cluster02 49, − 5, 20	p = 0.047, d = 0.4, 95% CI [− 0.04, 0.71]	p = 0.019, d = 0.48, 95% CI [0.06, 0.75]	p = 0.021, d = 0.49, 95% CI [0.05, 0.77]	p = 0.15, d = 0.23, 95% CI [− 0.20, 0.59]	p = 0.008
λ⊥_cluster01 53, 3, 26	p = 0.034, d = 0.45, 95% CI [0.02, 0.74]	p = 0.025, d = 0.48, 95% CI [0.06, 0.75]	p = 0.056, d = 0.44, 95% CI [− 0.01, 0.74]	p = 0.19, d = 0.18, 95% CI [− 0.24, 0.55]	p = 0.009