Table 1.

Different materials used for indirect pulp treatment

Material	Advantages	Disadvantages	Success rate
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)	– Biocompatible –Antimicrobial activity –Increased marginal adaptation thus has less leakage –Improved sealing properties –Induced osteogenesis –Promotes healing67	– Discoloration 68 –Prolonged setting time 69 –High cost25	100%38
Biodentine	– Biocompatible –Antimicrobial activity –Increased marginal adaptation –High bond strength –Can induce odontogenic differentiation and formation of reparative dentin11	– High cost70	98.3%49
TheraCal–LC	– Enhanced physical properties –Low solubility –Improved sealing ability –High calcium release –Induced formation of dentin bridge11	– Opaque whitish color11	87.8%56
Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) (In IPT, it was combined with resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) or calcium hydroxide)	– Disinfect any bacteria remains following removal of infected dentin10		CHX with RMGI: 97%10 CHX with calcium hydroxide: 97%12
Resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI)	– Biocompatible –Antimicrobial activity –Ability to bond to enamel and dentin –High mechanical strength –Uptake and releases fluoride62	– Cytotoxic effect –Reduced wear resistance71	96.5%72
Calcium hydroxide	– Biocompatible –Antimicrobial activity –Induction of calcified barrier –Promotes healing and repair –Stimulates fibroblasts –Inexpensive –Easy to use73	– May dissolve after one year –Poor sealing properties73	94%74