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. 2021 Nov 9;24(1):26–37. doi: 10.1111/jch.14384

TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants with and without AS

Variables Total population (n = 912) Non‐AS (baPWV ≤ 1400 cm/s; n = 507) AS (baPWV > 1400 cm/s; n = 405) P value
Age, years 51.1 ± 9.6 47.7 ± 9.0 55.4 ± 8.6 < .001
Sex, male, n (%) 592 (64.9) 314 (61.9) 278 (68.6) .036
Smoking status, n (%) .517
None or past 715(78.4) 393 (77.5) 322 (79.5)
Current 197 (21.6) 114 (22.5) 83 (20.5)
Alcohol consumption, n (%) .086
0–40 g/week 581 (63.7) 332 (66.7) 249 (62.1)
40–140 g/week 150 (16.4) 87 (17.5) 63 (15.7)
140–280 g/week 90 (9.9) 45 (9.0) 45 (11.2)
More than 280 g/week 78 (8.6) 34 (6.8) 44 (11.0)
Regular exercise, n (%) 177 (19.4) 97 (19.3) 80 (20.3) .736
Fatty liver, n (%) 265 (29.1) 117 (23.1) 148 (36.5) < .001
Body mass index, kg/m2 23.1 ± 3.1 23.0 ± 3.3 23.3 ± 2.8 .068
Systolic BP, mm Hg 120.2 ± 15.0 114.4 ± 12.2 127.5 ± 14.9 < .001
Diastolic BP, mm Hg 76.1 ± 10.0 72.4 ± 8.4 80.8 ± 9.9 < .001
Pulse pressure, mm Hg 44.1 ± 7.4 42.0 ± 6.3 46.8 ± 7.9 < .001
Mean BP, mm Hg 93.8 ± 11.7 89.2 ± 9.6 99.5 ± 11.5 < .001
Laboratory results
Fasting glucose, mg/dL 98.1 ± 14.1 95.8 ± 10.5 100.8 ± 17.1 < .001
Uric acid, mg/dL 5.3 ± 1.4 5.1 ± 1.4 5.4 ± 1.3 .006
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 70.4 ± 12.0 73.0 ± 12.4 67.1 ± 10.8 < .001
AST, IU/L 19.0 (14.0, 26.0) 18.0 (14.0, 24.0) 20.0 (15.0, 28.0) < .001
ALT, IU/L 19.0 (16.0, 23.0) 19.0 (16.0, 22.0) 20.0 (17.0, 25.0) < .001
GGT, IU/L 19.0 (14.0, 28.0) 17.0 (12.0, 24.0) 21.0 (16.0, 31.5) < .001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL 209.8 ± 35.9 205.6 ± 35.8 215.1 ± 35.4 < .001
Triglycerides, mg/dL 81.0 (53.0, 124.0) 72.0 (49.0, 113.0) 90.0 (62.0, 140.0) < .001
LDL‑C, mg/dL 128.1 ± 31.7 125.7 ± 31.0 131.0 ± 32.3 .012
HDL‑C, mg/dL 53.5 ± 14.6 54.0 ± 14.0 52.9 ± 15.3 .249
RC, mg/dL 25.8 (19.1, 34.5) 23.5 (17.8, 30.9) 29.0 (21.1, 38.1) < .001
Non‐HDL‑C, mg/dL 156.3 ± 36.2 151.5 ± 36.2 162.2 ± 35.4 < .001
AIP 0.2 ± 0.3 0.2 ± 0.3 0.3 ± 0.3 < .001
LCI 11.7 (6.2, 24.2) 10.1 (5.1, 20.5) 14.7 (7.6, 27.8) < .001
AI 3.0 (2.3, 3.9) 2.8 (2.1, 3.7) 3.1 (2.5, 4.2) < .001
TG/HDL‑C 1.5 (0.9, 2.7) 1.3 (0.8, 2.5) 1.7 (1.1, 3.1) < .001
CRI‐I 4.2 ± 1.2 4.0 ± 1.2 4.3 ± 1.3 < .001
CRI‐II 2.6 ± 1.0 2.5 ± 0.9 2.7 ± 1.0 .003

Abbreviations: AS, arterial stiffness; baPWV, brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; RC, remnant cholesterol; AIP, atherogenic index of plasma; LCI, lipoprotein combine index; AI, atherosclerosis index; CRI‐I, Castelli's risk index I; CRI‐II, Castelli's risk index II.