TABLE 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by the optimal cutoff point of RC
| Variables | Total population (n = 912) | Lower RC (≤ 23.6; n = 376) | Higher RC (> 23.6; n = 536) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 51.1 ± 9.6 | 49.4 ± 9.9 | 52.4 ± 9.2 | < .001 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 592 (64.9) | 220 (58.5) | 372 (69.4) | .001 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | .191 | |||
| None or past | 715(78.4) | 303 (80.6) | 412 (76.9) | |
| Current | 197 (21.6) | 73 (19.4) | 124 (23.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | .004 | |||
| 0–40 g/week | 581 (63.7) | 261 (70.2) | 320 (60.7) | |
| 40–140 g/week | 150 (16.4) | 57 (15.3) | 93 (17.6) | |
| 140–280 g/week | 90 (9.9) | 35 (9.4) | 55 (10.4) | |
| More than 280 g/week | 78 (8.6) | 19 (5.1) | 59 (11.2) | |
| Regular exercise, n (%) | 177 (19.4) | 78 (21.1) | 99 (18.8) | .443 |
| Fatty liver, n (%) | 265 (29.1) | 69 (18.4) | 196 (36.6) | < .001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 22.4 ± 2.7 | 23.6 ± 3.3 | < .001 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 120.2 ± 15.0 | 116.7 ± 14.9 | 122.8 ± 14.5 | < .001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 76.1 ± 10.0 | 73.8 ± 10.0 | 77.8 ± 9.7 | < .001 |
| Pulse pressure, mm Hg | 44.1 ± 7.4 | 42.9 ± 7.4 | 45.0 ± 7.4 | < .001 |
| Mean BP, mm Hg | 93.8 ± 11.7 | 90.9 ± 11.6 | 95.8 ± 11.3 | < .001 |
| baPWV, cm/s | 1415.8 ± 246.3 | 1358.1 ± 226.5 | 1456.2 ± 251.6 | < .001 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 98.1 ± 14.1 | 94.8 ± 9.0 | 100.4 ± 16.4 | < .001 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.3 ± 1.4 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 5.4 ± 1.4 | < .001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 70.4 ± 12.0 | 72.8 ± 13.0 | 68.7 ± 11.0 | < .001 |
| AST, IU/L | 19.0 (14.0, 26.0) | 17.0 (13.0, 22.0) | 20.0 (15.0, 28.0) | < .001 |
| ALT, IU/L | 19.0 (16.0, 23.0) | 18.0 (15.0, 22.0) | 20.0 (17.0, 25.0) | < .001 |
| GGT, IU/L | 19.0 (14.0, 28.0) | 16.0 (12.0, 22.0) | 21.0 (15.0, 31.0) | < .001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 209.8 ± 35.9 | 195.1 ± 31.7 | 220.2 ± 35.1 | < .001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 81.0 (53.0, 124.0) | 58.0 (41.0, 79.0) | 112.0 (70.3, 157.8) | < .001 |
| LDL‑C, mg/dL | 128.1 ± 31.7 | 121.3 ± 29.5 | 132.8 ± 32.3 | < .001 |
| HDL‑C, mg/dL | 53.5 ± 14.6 | 57.0 ± 14.5 | 51.1 ± 14.2 | < .001 |
| Non‐HDL‑C, mg/dL | 156.3 ± 36.2 | 138.1 ± 30.0 | 169.0 ± 34.8 | < .001 |
| AIP | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | < .001 |
| LCI | 11.7 (6.2, 24.2) | 7.1 (3.8, 12.4) | 19.3 (9.5, 33.4) | < .001 |
| AI | 3.0 (2.3, 3.9) | 2.5 (1.9, 3.1) | 3.4 (2.6, 4.4) | < .001 |
| TG/HDL‑C | 1.5 (.9, 2.7) | 1.0 (.7, 1.6) | 2.3 (1.3, 3.6) | < .001 |
| CRI‐I | 4.2 ± 1.2 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | < .001 |
| CRI‐II | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | < .001 |
Abbreviations: RC, remnant cholesterol; BP, blood pressure; baPWV, brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; AIP, atherogenic index of plasma; LCI, lipoprotein combine index; AI, atherosclerosis index; CRI‐I, Castelli's risk index I; CRI‐II, Castelli's risk index II.