Table 2.
Variation in techniques for endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (EDGE).
| Author (year) | Patients, n | Procedure time, minutes | Access type | Method for stomach insufflation | Size of LAMS, mm | Cautery/non-cautery | Single/delayed | Time to ERCP, days | Hospital stay, days | Fistula closure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GG/JG | ||||||||||
| Amateau et al. (2018) | 3 | Single session 53±22; delayed NA | 2/1 | Not reported | 15 | 0/3 | 3/0 | 0 | 1 | NA |
| Bukhari et al. (2018) | 30 | Single session 49±26; delayed NA | 17/13 | 5–10 mL contrast & 120–300 mL sterile water | 15 | 14/16 | 8/22 | 21.5 | 1 | 7 OTS clips, 8 OTS suturing device, 15 spontaneous |
| James et al. (2019) | 19 | All patients 116±88 | 8/11 | Saline + contrast solution | 15 | 14/5 | 4/15 | 48 | NA | 6 spontaneous, 13 APC |
| Kedia et al. (2019) | 29 | All patients 73 (24–230) | NA | 120 mL water + contrast | 15 | NA | 3/26 | 21–28 | 0.8 | OTS suturing |
| Wang et al. (2019) | 9 | All patients 142±37 | 3/6 | > 200mL contrast 50:50 dilution | 15 | 9/0 | 7/2 | 14–21 | NA | Double-pigtail stent placement |
| de Benito Sanz et al. (2020) | 14 | NA | 9/5 | >100mL of water-soluble contrast + sterile water | 20 | 10/4 | 10/4 | 22 | NA | 5 double-pigtail, 1 OTS clip, 1 OTS clip & pigtail |
| Kochhar et al. (2020) | 26 | All patients 79±31 | 22/4 | Mixture of contrast + saline | 15 (×24) 20 (× 2) | 26/0 | 13/13 | NA | 1.6 | 18 spontaneous, 3 surgically, 3 endoscopic clips |
| Krafft et al. (2020) | 21 | NA | 13/8 | >100mL of contrast + sterile water | 20 | 21/0 | 11/10 | 2 | NA | NA |
| Tyberg et al. (2020) | 18 | All patients 54.5 (31–88)* | NA | Contrast + 120 mL water | 15 | NA | 5/13 | 14–21 | NA | OTS clip and/or endoscopic sutures |
GG, gastrogastrostomy; JG, jejunogastrostomy; LAMS, lumen-apposing metal stent; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; OTS, over the scope; APC, argon plasma coagulation; NA, not available.
*
Includes one patient who only underwent endoscopic ultrasound.