Table 3.
Regression analysis for BIPQ overall score with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants
| Characteristics | Univariable estimates | Multivariable estimates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | p-value | B (95%CI) | p-value | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–30R | ||||
| 31–45 | − 1.29 (− 4.71 to 2.13) | 0.460 | − 1.12 (− 4.69 to 2.43) | 0.534 |
| 46–60 | 2.54 (− 1.02 to 6.11) | 0.162 | 2.31 (− 1.56 to 6.18) | 0.242 |
| ≥ 61 | 2.62 (− 2.12 to 7.38) | 0.278 | 1.83 (− 3.43 to 7.08) | 0.496 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female R | ||||
| Male | − 2.30 (− 4.57 to − 0.02) | 0.047 | − 2.62 (− 7.71 to 2.45) | 0.311 |
| Qualification | ||||
| Illiterate R | ||||
| Primary | − 2.76 (− 6.78 to 1.25) | 0.177 | − 0.097(− 4.53 to 4.34) | 0.966 |
| Islamic | − 1.91 (− 11.07 to 7.23) | 0.681 | − 1.17 (− 10.39 to 8.05) | 0.803 |
| High School | − 7.81 (− 12.81 to − 2.81) | 0.002 | − 3.71 (− 9.41 to 1.98) | 0.201 |
| College | − 2.08 (− 9.59 to 5.42) | 0.586 | 1.28 (− 7.16 to 9.72) | 0.766 |
| University | − 7.66 (− 18.21 to 2.87) | 0.154 | − 8.04 (− 21.55 to 5.46) | 0.242 |
| Job status | ||||
| Jobless R | ||||
| Daily wages | − 0.44 (− 3.11 to 2.22) | 0.743 | 1.65 (− 3.71 to 7.02) | 0.544 |
| Self Employed | − 7.31 (− 10.86 to − 3.75) | 0.000 | − 4.47 (− 10.36 to 1.42) | 0.136 |
| Government | − 1.92 (− 9.13 to 5.28) | 0.599 | 3.29 (− 6.86 to 13.45) | 0.524 |
| Income per month (PKR) | ||||
| ≤ 10,000 R | ||||
| 11–20,000 | − 1.46 (− 4.47 to 1.55) | 0.343 | − 0.60 (− 3.71 to 2.51) | 0.704 |
| 21–30,000 | − 3.32 (− 9.25 to 2.61) | 0.271 | 1.62 (− 4.61 to 7.86) | 0.608 |
| 31–40,000 | − 13.14 (− 24.99 to − 1.28) | 0.030 | − 8.88 (− 21.02 to 3.26) | 0.151 |
| 41–50,000 | 3.25 (− 15.18 to 21.69) | 0.729 | 4.95 (− 14.36 to 24.28) | 0.614 |
| Duration of illness | ||||
| ≤ 1 year R | ||||
| 2–3 years | − 1.90 (− 4.46 to 0.66) | 0.146 | − 2.12 (− 4.73 to 0.49) | 0.112 |
| ≥ 4 years | 2.02 (− 0.91 to 4.95) | 0.177 | 1.14 (− 2.49 to 4.78) | 0.537 |
| Presence of Liver cirrhosis | ||||
| No R | ||||
| Yes | 3.07 (− 0.17 to 6.32) | 0.064 | 0.34 (− 3.62 to 4.32) | 0.863 |
| Previous therapy | ||||
| No R | ||||
| Yes | 2.42 (0.09 to 4.74) | 0.041 | 1.92 (0.56 to 4.41) | 0.130 |
B: Unstandardized coefficient; R Reference group in the category; p-value: p ≤ 0.05; PKR: Pakistani rupees; 95%CI: 95% Confidence interval (lower limit to upper limit)