Table 2.
Results of multinomial logistic regression model predicting a persistent course of psychological distress in healthcare workers on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic
| Persistent distress vs no/low distress | Persistent distress vs remitted distress | |
|---|---|---|
| R2 = 0.55 | R2 = 0.31 | |
| RRR (95%CI) | RRR (95%CI) | |
| Demographic and occupational characteristics | ||
| Female gender | 2.30 (1.17–4.53)* | 1.93 (0.92–4.05) |
| Have children | 0.56 (0.27–1.15) | 1.48 (0.69–3.21) |
| RN vs. other profession | 1.73 (0.98–3.06) | 1.11 (0.61–2.00) |
| History of psychiatric disorder | 2.36 (1.29–4.30)** | 2.85 (1.46–5.56)** |
| Past-year burnout | 3.95 (2.36–6.60)*** | 1.62 (0.93–2.79) |
| Years in practice | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 0.95 (0.91–0.99)* |
| COVID-19-related variables | ||
| Acute surge stressors | 1.43 (0.90–2.27) | 0.89 (0.55–1.46) |
| Post-acute surge stressors | 1.39 (1.04–1.86)* | 1.79 (1.30–2.46)*** |
| Infection-related concerns | 1.35 (1.03–1.78)* | 1.03 (0.77–1.38) |
| Family-related concerns | 1.54 (1.13–2.11)** | 0.70 (0.50–0.98)* |
| Work-related concerns | 1.71 (1.27–2.29)*** | 0.97 (0.71–1.31) |
| Psychosocial characteristics | ||
| Positive dispositional characteristics | 0.72 (0.55–0.94)* | 0.97 (0.73–1.29) |
| Feeling valued/supported at work | 0.71 (0.54–0.93)* | 0.86 (0.65–1.15) |
| Perceived social support | 0.89 (0.81–0.97)** | 0.90 (0.82–0.99)* |
| Restorative behaviors | ||
| Sleep hours | 0.81 (0.64–1.04) | 0.85 (0.66–1.09) |
| Coping strategies | ||
| Socially supported coping | 1.31 (0.89–1.93) | 0.73 (0.48–1.10) |
| Avoidant coping | 1.72 (1.13–2.63)* | 1.26 (0.81–1.97) |
Distress = psychological distress (positive screen for MDD, GAD, and PTSD symptoms)
RRR Relative Risk Reduction, RN Registered Nurse
Statistically significant association: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p <0.001