Figure 1.
Association of daily coffee consumption with renal cell carcinoma stratified by smoking status in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. NIH-AARP, National Institutes of Health–American Association of Retired Persons; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. Adjusted for sex, race (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic and Asian, Pacific Islander or American Indian/Alaskan Native), BMI (<25, ≥25 and <30, ≥30 kg/m2), marriage status (married or living as married, widowed/divorced/separated, never married), education (less or completed high school, post-high school or some college, college and postgraduate), self-reported history of diabetes (yes/no), total energy intake (calories, continuous), alcohol consumption in the past 12 months (yes/no), state of residence (CA, FL, GA, LA, MI, NC, NJ, PA).