Table 1.

Comparison of Total Vegetables and Fruit Intake (servings/day) and Skin Carotenoid Status by Sociodemographic Subgroups (n=80)

	n (%)	Total Vegetable and Fruit Intakea (servings/day) Median ± IQR	P	Skin Carotenoid Status Mean ± SD	P
Age group (years)			0.40		0.59
20–30	13 (16)	2.0 ± 2.8		198.1 ± 136.8
31–50	29 (36)	2.5 ± 2.9		214.4 ± 65.8
51–84	38 (47)	2.6 ± 2.7		232.0 ± 123.3
Sex			0.47		0.002**
Male	36 (45)	1.9 ± 3.4		262.7 ± 119.6
Female	44 (55)	2.9 ± 2.0		185.3 ± 83.8
Race			0.39		0.93
Alaska Native	65 (81)	2.4 ± 2.4		214.6 ± 93.0
Not Alaska Native	12 (15)	3.5 ± 3.8		211.8 ± 140.1
No responseb	3 (4)	4.5 ± 5.2		372.1 ± 199.0
Current Smoker			0.21		0.58
Yes	32 (40)	1.9 ± 2.4		216.4 ± 128.1
No	44 (55)	2.9 ± 2.5		230.5 ± 77.8
No responseb	4 (5)	1.5 ± 2.7		177.6 ± 74.7
SNAP Participant			0.17		0.86
Yes	31 (39)	2.8 ± 26		222.5 ± 84.8
No	49 (61)	1.8 ± 2.5		218.5 ± 121.2
Income Range			0.15		0.64
<$10, 000	25 (31)	1.9 ± 2.5		228.3 ± 86.9
$10,000 – 34,999	11 (14)	2.1 ± 2.9		196.0 ± 94.5
$35,000–74,999	14 (17)	3.2 ± 2.8		254.4 ± 139.3
≥ $75,000	20 (25)	2.8 ± 2.6		223.4 ± 126.8
Do not know or no responseb	12 (15)	2.4 ± 4.5		181.0 ±76.7
Education			0.02 *		0.25
<12th grade	10 (13)	2.9 ± 4.3		254.4 ± 68.7
12th grade/ GED	25 (31)	1.8 ± 2.3		192.0 ± 93.1
Some college	22 (27)	2.5 ± 1.9		204.7 ± 119.7
Graduated college	16 (20)	3.8 ± 1.9		250.5 ± 139.9
No responseb	7 (8)	2.4 ± 1.7		250.2 ± 54.8
At least 1 Serving of Vegetables and Fruits					0.02*
Yes	60 (75)			232.5 ± 116.1
No	20 (25)			183.0 ±68.3

IQR indicates interquartile range; SD indicates standard deviation; SNAP indicates Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; GED indicates general education development.

^*P < .05

^**P < .01.

Students t-test was used for binary variables and ANOVA was used for multi-level variables.

^aTotal vegetable and fruit intake was transformed as log(x+1) for statistical analysis;

^bDo not know or no response levels were not included in the statistical analysis.