Table 1.

Culturally Adapted Communication Strategies

Themes	CA Team Strategies	Description, adaptations and impact
Information gathering	Virtual town halls	●Specific events for marginalized communities (e.g., Veterans, LGBTQ, youth, etc.)
		●Features to enhance accessibility (e.g., closed captioning, live language translations, Facebook broadcasting)
		●Speakers included combination of academic or scientific experts along with trusted community leaders
		●Opportunity for bidirectional communication
	Focus groups	●Inclusive of communities often overlooked (e.g., Spanish-speaking Latino/x, Filipino/x, NH/PIs, refugees)
		●Also focused on key groups like youth and parents of young children
	Surveys	●Sampling methods and modes of distribution designed to include diverse and multilingual communities
	Meetings	●Inclusive of community members as partners in conversation and decision making, not just as recipients of information
Outreach	Phone	•Utilization of existing networks for other services (e.g., Census outreach) and subsequent creation of multi-language Wellness Phone Banking toolkit with regional resources and contact information
		•Free, confidential multi-lingual hotline to help with vaccine appointments
		•Allowing options to call or text message trusted messengers to make vaccine appointments
	In-person	•Leveraged trusted community resources to provide wraparound clinical and social services and an opportunity for (safe) face-to-face communications with trusted community leaders
		•Visible commitment to the community (e.g., presence at community events and in local venues)
Communication	Community health workers (CHWs)/promotoras and trusted messengers	●Partnerships with trusted messengers, especially bilingual/bicultural (e.g., faith leaders, CBO leaders, etc.)
		●Supported promotora-led programs (e.g., door-to-door outreach, community events)
		●Engaged with translators (including for Indigenous dialects) for short-term and long-term projects to be able to respond to rapidly changing guidance and recommendations. Able to translate into Indigenous dialects
		●Used familiar faces, languages, and cultural references from the community as foundation for trust and understanding
		●Used community artwork to promote the integration of traditional/cultural art mediums (e.g., Indigenous artwork)
		●Ensured that members from each community spearhead community activities (e.g., pop-up vaccination clinics) or artistic endeavors to increase community engagement and healing
		●Integrate creative ways of expressing COVID-19 information and experiences that will last longer in communities (e.g. mural development, art galleries, etc.)
	Multiple media channels	●Utilization of local ethnic media (e.g., radio stations, newspapers) to reach diverse communities
		●Use of varies methods (e.g., phone, social media, news, radio, flyers, door signs) to increase reach across different demographic groups and underserved communities
	Tailored messages and audience segmentation	●Developed tailored materials informed by understanding of the local and contextual needs and preferences of communities (e.g., radio vs internet, WhatsApp vs Facebook, farmworker vs urban communities), brought forth by community partners and information gathering phases
		●Understanding of preferences (e.g., trusted messengers, motivational messaging, etc.) across different age groups, racial/ethnic communities, regions, and other categories