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. 2021 Dec 22;6(24):e153201. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.153201

Figure 1. Immunological changes with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.

Figure 1

(A) Experimental design for the study. Blood was collected from SARS-CoV-2–naive individuals before vaccination, 2 weeks after dose 1, and 2 weeks after prime-boost vaccination (VACC group) or in SARS-CoV-2–exposed but asymptomatic individuals (CONV group) before and after convalescence. Immune phenotypes of PBMCs and antigen-specific T and B cell responses were measured using multicolor flow cytometry. Longitudinal serological responses to the vaccine were measured using ELISA and neutralization assays. Memory T and B cells from a subset of PBMC samples (n = 4/group for vaccine volunteers, n = 3/group for convalescent health care workers, matched) were profiled using scRNA-Seq at baseline (before vaccination) or after vaccination time points. (B) UMAP projection of 32,867 memory T and B cells with major subsets annotated. (C) Violin plots of key gene markers used for cluster annotations. Normalized transcript counts are shown on the y axis.