Figure 3. Renin^null cells secrete proteins underlying the vascular abnormalities.

(A) Violin plots and validation by ISH of selected secreted protein genes upregulated in the Renin^null cells. The expression of the genes was detected in the hypertrophic arterioles at higher levels in Ren1^c-KO than WT. Scale bars: 50 μm. (B) ELISA for osteopontin during disease development (n = 4, Student’s t test). All data are reported as means ± standard deviation. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. ISH in situ hybridization, Ren1^c-KO, Ren1^c gene knockout; scRNA-Seq, single-cell RNA sequencing; WT, wild-type.