Table 8.

Potential beneficial effects of PUFAs and its physiological functions

Type of PUFA	Deficiency associated diseases	Physiological functions
ALA	Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction	Maintenance of serum cholesterol level, blood pressure, decreased platelet aggregation, adhesion of monocytes to blood vessels, vascular dilation, inflammatory processes and immune functions, neural integrity, learning and visual abilities, development of retina and retinal functions	Udayan et al. (2017)
EPA and DHA	Coronary heart diseases, fatal myocardial infarction, inflammatory diseases, bipolar disorder, cognitive decline, aggression, age related maculopathy	Maintaining the production of Prostaglandin metabolites and Thromboxane A2, inflammatory processes and immunity, increased activity of Rod photoreceptor, visual acuity and neural function, maintenance of serum cholesterol, development of brain and retina (infants)	Kannaujiya et al. (2020), Weill et al. (2020)
LA	Cardiovascular diseases	Maintenance of cholesterol, lipid levels, platelet aggregation, maintenance of blood pressure, inflammatory processes and immune responses	Udayan et al. (2017)