Table 1.
Demographics of the sample and descriptive statistics of variables
| Demographic | Category | Frequency | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 524 | 49.5 |
| Female | 526 | 49.7 | |
| Other | 8 | 0.8 | |
| Race | White of Caucasian | 691 | 65.2 |
| Hispanic, Latino/a/x, or Spanish origin | 137 | 12.9 | |
| African American or Black | 126 | 11.9 | |
| Asian, Asian Indian, or Asian American | 63 | 5.9 | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 21 | 2.0 | |
| Middle Eastern or North African | 3 | 0.3 | |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 1 | 0.1 | |
| Other | 18 | 1.7 | |
| Education | Less than high school degree | 21 | 2.0 |
| High school degree or equivalent | 265 | 25.0 | |
| Some college but no degree | 243 | 22.9 | |
| Associate degree | 143 | 13.5 | |
| Bachelor's degree | 243 | 22.9 | |
| Master's degree | 106 | 10.0 | |
| Doctorate degree | 24 | 2.3 | |
| Other | 3 | 0.3 | |
| Income | $0 | 46 | 4.3 |
| $1 - $24,999 | 249 | 23.5 | |
| $25,000 - $49,999 | 333 | 31.4 | |
| $50,000 - $74,999 | 200 | 18.9 | |
| $75,000 - $99,999 | 97 | 9.2 | |
| $100,000 - $149,999 | 74 | 7.0 | |
| $150,000 and above | 49 | 4.6 | |
| Health condition | Poor | 38 | 3.6 |
| Fair | 176 | 16.6 | |
| Average | 228 | 21.5 | |
| Good | 459 | 43.4 | |
| Excellent | 148 | 14.0 | |
| COVID vaccination | Yes – fully vaccinated | 658 | 62.1 |
| Yes – partially vaccinated | 74 | 7.0 | |
| No | 303 | 28.6 | |
| Flu shot every year | Yes | 585 | 55.2 |
| No | 446 | 42.1 | |
| Descriptive statistics of dependent variables | Category | Frequency | % |
| Mitigation behaviors in private | Suboptimal behaviors | 606 | 57.2 |
| Optimal behaviors | 443 | 41.8 | |
| Mitigation behaviors in public | Suboptimal behaviors | 455 | 42.9 |
| Optimal behaviors | 594 | 56.0 | |
| Descriptive statistics of independent variables | Mean | SD | Range |
| Biting nails | 2.03 | 1.26 | [1.00, 5.00] |
| Licking fingers while eating | 2.46 | 1.13 | [1.00, 5.00] |
| Picking nose | 2.52 | 1.07 | [1.00, 5.00] |
| Rubbing eyes | 3.10 | 0.94 | [1.00, 5.00] |
| General hygiene practice | 23.54 | 13.32 | [1.00, 42.00] |
| Knowledge | 8.64 | 2.14 | [1.00, 11.00] |
| COVID-19 impact (α = .96) | 5.01 | 1.57 | [1.00, 7.00] |
| Perceived susceptibility in private | 3.87 | 1.83 | [1.00, 7.00] |
| Perceived susceptibility in public | 4.79 | 1.79 | [1.00, 7.00] |
| Perceived severity in private | 3.59 | 1.80 | [1.00, 7.00] |
| Perceived severity in public | 4.81 | 1.70 | [1.00, 7.00] |
| Benefits (α = .96) | 5.25 | 1.25 | [1.00, 7.00] |
| Barriers (α = .87) | 3.46 | 1.79 | [1.00, 7.00] |
| Self-efficacy (α = .89) | 4.36 | 1.54 | [1.00, 7.00] |