Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and dietary intakes of participants of the Hoorn Studies according to quartiles of total dairy intake (n = 2262)
| N missing | Total population | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 2262) | (n = 562) | (n = 573) | (n = 561) | (n = 566) | ||
| Dairy intake (servings/day) | ||||||
| Range | 0–1.8 | 1.8–2.7 | 2.7–3.9 | 3.9–15.4 | ||
| Median | 2.7 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 5.0 | |
| Follow-up time (year) | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 6.6 ± 0.7 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | |
| Sex (men) | 50% (1132) | 43% (243) | 52% (296) | 52% (289) | 54% (304) | |
| Age (year) | 55.9 ± 7.3 | 54.1 ± 7.1 | 55.6 ± 7.3 | 56.6 ± 7.5 | 57.3 ± 7.1 | |
| Education level | 22 | |||||
| Low | 13% (299) | 8% (46) | 15% (84) | 14% (79) | 16% (90) | |
| Middle | 58% (1310) | 60% (336) | 54% (309) | 57% (317) | 61% (348) | |
| High | 28% (631) | 31% (172) | 30% (174) | 28% (159) | 22% (126) | |
| Smoking | 10 | |||||
| Current | 22% (493) | 20% (115) | 23% (131) | 22% (124) | 22% (123) | |
| Previous (> 2 months ago) | 38% (851) | 40% (226) | 37% (211) | 37% (208) | 36% (206) | |
| Never | 40% (908) | 38% (216) | 40% (228) | 41% (228) | 42% (236) | |
| Cigarette years | 663 | 210 (9–480) | 290 (100–560) | 220 (30–470) | 180 (0–450) | 160 (0–460) |
| Alcohol intake | 1 | |||||
| 0 g/day | 18% (401) | 15% (87) | 18% (103) | 17% (97) | 20% (114) | |
| ≤ 10 g/day | 42% (959) | 42% (237) | 43% (246) | 40% (226) | 44% (250) | |
| 10–30 g/day | 30% (678) | 30% (170) | 31% (178) | 32% (179) | 27% (151) | |
| ≥ 30 g/day | 10% (223) | 12% (68) | 8% (45) | 11% (59) | 9% (51) | |
| Family history diabetes mellitus | 11 | 24% (553) | 25% (141) | 27% (152) | 21% (119) | 25% (141) |
| Physical activity, moderate intensity, hours/week | 47 | 7.5 (4.2–12.0) | 6.5 (3.5–10.5) | 7.0 (3.8–12.0) | 7.8 (4.5–12.6) | 9.0 (5.1–13.7) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 4 | 25.7 ± 3.4 | 25.9 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 3.2 | 25.5 ± 3.3 | 26.1 ± 3.4 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 7 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.4 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 2 | 130 ± 17 | 130 ± 16 | 130 ± 18 | 130 ± 17 | 130 ± 18 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 5 | 78 ± 11 | 78 ± 11 | 78 ± 11 | 79 ± 10 | 80 ± 10 |
| Antihypertensive medication use | 13% (304) | 16% (92) | 12% (70) | 13% (73) | 12% (69) | |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 1.1 |
| Lipid lowering medication | 5% (108) | 9% (50) | 4% (22) | 3% (18) | 3% (18) | |
| Dietary intake | ||||||
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2100 ± 600 | 1900 ± 540 | 2100 ± 530 | 2200 ± 570 | 2400 ± 620 | |
| DHD15-index score | 70 ± 14 | 66 ± 14 | 71 ± 14 | 72 ± 14 | 70 ± 13 | |
| Fruit (g/day) | 200 ± 140 | 160 ± 130 | 190 ± 130 | 200 ± 130 | 240 ± 150 | |
| Vegetables (g/day) | 150 ± 85 | 170 ± 91 | 150 ± 83 | 150 ± 86 | 140 ± 75 | |
| Grain (g/day) | 5 | 200 ± 95 | 200 ± 95 | 200 ± 92 | 200 ± 96 | 200 ± 96 |
| Red meat (g/day) | 1 | 34 ± 23 | 37 ± 23 | 35 ± 22 | 33 ± 23 | 31 ± 23 |
| Processed meat (g/day) | 46 ± 33 | 37 ± 30 | 44 ± 32 | 47 ± 33 | 54 ± 35 | |
| Lean fish (g/day) | 11 ± 13 | 11 ± 12 | 11 ± 13 | 11 ± 12 | 12 ± 14 | |
| Fatty fish (g/day) | 5.0 ± 8.4 | 4.9 ± 7.2 | 5.4 ± 10.6 | 4.7 ± 7.4 | 4.9 ± 8.1 | |
| Coffee (g/day) | 500 ± 270 | 450 ± 290 | 490 ± 270 | 520 ± 250 | 540 ± 270 | |
| Tea (g/day) | 3 | 280 ± 260 | 270 ± 290 | 280 ± 250 | 290 ± 250 | 300 ± 260 |
| Fruit juice (g/day) | 3 | 60 ± 95 | 69 ± 110 | 60 ± 89 | 54 ± 83 | 55 ± 98 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages (g/day) | 110 ± 140 | 130 ± 160 | 110 ± 140 | 100 ± 130 | 110 ± 150 | |
| Saturated fat (en%) | 14.6 ± 3.7 | 12.6 ± 3.3 | 14.2 ± 3.3 | 15.2 ± 3.4 | 16.6 ± 3.5 | |
| Protein (en%) | 14.5 ± 2.4 | 13.8 ± 2.3 | 14.3 ± 2.3 | 14.6 ± 2.2 | 15.4 ± 2.5 | |
| Calcium (g/day) | 1000 ± 370 | 650 ± 180 | 880 ± 160 | 1100 ± 160 | 1500 ± 300 | |
Variables are displayed as means ± SD for normally distributed continuous variables, medians (IQR) for non-normally distributed continuous variables or % (n) for categorical variables
BMI body mass index, DHD15-index Dutch Healthy Diet 2015 index score [56], HS1 Hoorn Studies 1 (first enrolment wave), LDL low-density lipoprotein