Table 2.
Organ weight and serum biomarkers in female Sprague Dawley rats after 10 months of treadmill exercise
| Baseline n = 24 |
Normal diet group | High-fat diet group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control n = 22 |
Exercise n = 22 |
Control n = 16 |
Exercise n = 12 |
|||
| Organ weight | ||||||
| Heart | ||||||
| Average weight | 1.18 ± 0.12 | 1.31 ± 0.21£ | 1.24 ± 0.11 | 1.40 ± 0.14£££ | 1.46 ± 0.19###£££ | |
| Normalized weight | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.04£ | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.03£££ | 0.31 ± 0.03###£££ | |
| Liver | ||||||
| Average weight | 2.39 ± 0.25 | 12.53 ± 1.72£££ | 12.50 ± 1.80 ££ | 14.03 ± 2.36#£££ | 15.16 ± 4.40#£££ | |
| Normalized weight | 2.39 ± 0.25 | 2.67 ± 0.31££ | 2.56 ± 0.68 | 2.98 ± 0.52#£££ | 3.28 ± 0.89#£££ | |
| Visceral fat | ||||||
| Average weight | 5.81 ± 2.07 | 13.20 ± 5.26£££ | 10.46 ± 4.48£££ | 40.13 ± 12.81###£££ | 39.46 ± 23.20###£££ | |
| Normalized weight | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.01£££ | 0.02 ± 0.01£££ | 0.07 ± 0.02###£££ | 0.07 ± 0.04###£££ | |
| Biochemical analyses | ||||||
| SDMA | 0.43 ± 0.08 | 0.27 ± 0.11£££ | 0.28 ± 0.08£££ | 0.33 ± 0.04#£££ | 0.20 ± 0.04***##£££ | |
| Resistin | 14.97 ± 5.15 | 8.16 ± 3.45£££ | 7.72 ± 2.94£££ | 7.78 ± 3.86£££ | 7.49 ± 3.99£££ | |
| Eotaxin (CCL11) | 230.53 ± 46.15 | 420.79 ± 104.54£££ | 335.76 ± 94.67**£££ | 372.79 ± 143.41£££ | 294.85 ± 150.66 | |
| MIP-1α (CCL3) | 18.42 ± 5.05 | 18.96 ± 5.06 | 22.47 ± 9.27 | 25.68 ± 16.33 | 17.66 ± 4.07* | |
| IFN-γ | 38.36 ± 11.58 | 46.20 ± 31.04 | 44.22 ± 28.37 | 42.11 ± 22.80 | 53.36 ± 39.07 | |
| IP-10 (CXCL10) | 109.25 ± 33.01 | 153 ± 35.70£££ | 163.78 ± 46.04£££ | 125.05 ± 51.60 | 118.30 ± 23.12## | |
| IL-5 | 79.43 ± 29.89 | 31.59 ± 17.50£££ | 38.57 ± 18.05£££ | 43.41 ± 17.29 #£££ | 37.27 ± 21.91*£££ | |
| IL-6 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| IL-10 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| IL-12 | 58.62 ± 17.45 | 58.07 ± 27.91 | 121.53 ± 83.54**£££ | 52.18 ± 25.04 | 45.72 ± 21.98 | |
| IL-17 | 21.79 ± 8.02 | 18.73 ± 11.90 | 22.45 ± 15.95 | 11.28 ± 3.91£££ | 16.37 ± 11.40 | |
| MMPs activity | 10,881 ± 1177 | 12,136 ± 1488££ | 14,092 ± 1832***£££ | 11,876 ± 2026 | 9966 ± 2943### | |
The organ weight is given in grams; organ weight is normalized to total tibia length (cm). SDMA is expressed in µM, while resistin in ng/ml. All other cytokines and chemokines are expressed in pg/ml. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001 compared to appropriate sedentary control group
#p < 0.05
##p < 0.01
###p < 0.001 compared to the appropriate normal diet control group
£p < 0.05
££p < 0.01
£££p < 0.001 compared to the baseline control group