Table 3. Serum Biomarker Concentrations for OA participants.
Biomarker concentrations at baseline, halfway (9th hole) and at completion (18th hole) for the ten (n=10) OA participants. Paired T-tests were performed to compare baseline serum biomarker concentrations with each individual time point for that condition. Individual serum concentrations comparisons across conditions were not performed as part of this analysis.
| CONDITION | Baseline | Halfway (9th hole) | Completion (18th hole) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory Cytokines | TNF | WALKING | 4.38±3.77 |
5.54±4.65
*
(p=0.029) |
5.71±4.67
*
(p=0.004) |
| GC | 5.90 ± 5.98 | 6.98±7.17 (p=0.091) |
6.40±6.40 (p=0.457) |
||
| IL-1 | WALKING | 3.943 ± 4.56 |
5.63 ± 3.01
*
(p=0.045) |
5.85 ± 2.24
*
(p=0.021) |
|
| GC | 5.47 ± 1.93 | 6.36 ± 1.90 (p=0.314) |
7.63 ± 2.21 (p=0.053) |
||
| IL-6 | WALKING | 1.04±0.45 | 1.50±0.62 (p=0.082) |
1.81±0.58
*
(p=0.04) |
|
| GC | 1.31±0.55 | 1.61±0.36 (p=0.363) |
2.00±0.99 (p=0.129) |
||
| Cartilage Degradative Enzymes | MMP-3 | WALKING | 5024.48±2108.83 |
7729.64±1775.23
*
(p=0.001) |
7843.24±1885.33
*
(p=0.001) |
| GC | 5942.20±1846.27 |
8489.57±1912.70
*
(p=0.005) |
8979.50±1686.57
*
(p=0.001) |
||
| MMP-13 | WALKING | 178.54±48.62 |
246.07±67.23
*
(p=0.013) |
246.85±59.49
*
(p=0.026) |
|
| GC | 245.27±42.08 | 268.33±38.38 (p=0.27) |
290.41±45.38
(p=0.040) |
||
| Extracellular matrix turnover | COMP | WALKING | 813.60±191.92 |
1286.82±266.92
*
(p=0.0001) |
1321.06±310.38
*
(p=0.002) |
| GC | 983.55±346.68 | 1022.55±263.97 (p=0.428) |
1133.06±208.17
*
(p=0.023) |
||
*
p<0.05)