Table 1:
EV Isolation and Characterization Methods.
| Isolation Product (Method) | Biophysical Characterization Techniques | Biochemical Characterization Techniques | Reference | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TEM | SEM | DLS | NTA | FC | Protein Quantification | PCR | WB | Positive EV Marker/Label | ||
| Exosomes (Differential UC with 30% sucrose cushion) | X | X | X | CD9, CD63, TSG101 | Xia et al, 2019[99] | |||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | CD63, TSG101 | Lu et al., 2017[100] | |||||||
| Extracellular vesicles (Differential UC & SEC) | X | PKH67 | Bach et al., 2017[101] | |||||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | CD63, CD81, TSG101 | Lan et al., 2019[102] | ||||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | Qi et al., 2019[103] | |||||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | TSG101, ALIX, CD9, CD63 | Cheng et al., 2018[104] | |||||||
| Apoptotic bodies (Sequential centrifugation) | X | X | Yuan et al., 2019[105] | |||||||
| Exosome-like vesicles (Differential UC) | X | X | X | X | CD9, TSG101, ALIX | Moen et al., 2017[106] | ||||
| Extracellular vesicles (Differential UC) | X | Bach et al., 2016[107] | ||||||||
| Lyo-secretome extracellular vesicles (Ultrafiltration) | X | X | X | Bari et al., 2018[108] | ||||||
| Exosomes (Low-speed centrifugation with Total Exosome Isolation Reagent) | X | X | X | CD63, TSG101, ALIX | Liao et al., 2019[109] | |||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | CD63, TSG101 | Chen et al., 2020[110] | ||||||
| Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)/Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | X | X | X | CD9, CD63, CD81, FLOT1 | Hingert et al., 2020[111] | |||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | X | TSG101, ALIX | Hu et al., 2020[112] | |||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | X | X | CD63, TSG101 | Li et al., 2020[113] | ||||
| Exosomes (Ultrafiltration with Total Exosome Isolation Reagent) | X | X | CD9, CD63 | Li et al., 2020[114] | ||||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | X | CD9, CD63, CD81, TSG101, ALIX | Luo et al., 2021[115] | |||||
| Exosomes (Total Exosome Isolation ExoQuick PLUS Exosome Purification Kit) | X | X | X | X | CD9, CD63, CD81 | Song et al., 2020[116] | ||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | X | X | CD63, TSG101, PKH67 | Sun et al., 2020[117] | ||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | X | CD63, TSG101, ALIX | Sun et al., 2021[118] | |||||
| Extracellular vesicles (Differential UC) | X | Tang et al., 2021[119] | ||||||||
| Extracellular vesicles (Differential UC) | X | X | X | CD68, CD81, TSG101 | Wen et al., 2021[120] | |||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | X | CD63, TSG101 | Xiang et al., 2020[121] | |||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | X | CD63, TSG101 | Xie et al., 2020[122] | |||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | X | X | CD9, CD63 | Yuan et al., 2020[123] | ||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC with 30% sucrose cushion) | X | X | X | CD9, CD63, CD81, TSG101 | Zhang et al., 2020[124] | |||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | X | CD9, CD63, TSG101, ALIX | Zhang et al., 2020[125] | |||||
| Exosomes (Differential UC) | X | X | X | CD63, TSG101 | Zhu et al., 2020[126] | |||||
| Exosomes (Chromatography) | X | X | X | CD9, CD63, CD81 | Zhu et al., 2020[127] | |||||
Abbreviations: UC = Ultracentrifugation; SEC = Size Exclusion Chromatography; TEM = Transmission Electron Microscopy; SEM = Scanning Electron Microscopy; DLS= Dynamic Light Scattering; NTA = Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis; FC = Flow Cytometry; PCR = Polymerase Chain Reaction; WB = Western Blot; CD = Cluster of Differentiation; TSG101 = Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101; ALIX = ALG-2 Interacting Protein X; ARF6 = ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6; FLOT1 = Flotillin-1.