Table 1.
Sample characteristics by primary care clinic and primary care physician levels
| Level of analysis | Variable | All participants | Treatment group | p value intervention vs usual care | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Usual care | ||||
| N at baseline | 2984 | 1440 | 1544 | -- | |
| N with valid values on PCC and PCP level | 2809 | 1357 | 1452 | -- | |
| Primary Care Clinic (PCC) | Unique N of PCCs represented | 27 | 27 | 27 | -- |
| Proportion of patients at PCCs with colocated RHE or END | 0.363 | 0.355 | 0.371 | 0.378a | |
| Average of median proportion of osteoporosis patients at PCCs, mean (SD) | 0.061 (0.019) | 0.062 (0.019) | 0.06 (0.018) | 0.350b | |
| Average of median proportion of osteopenia patients at PCCs, mean (SD) | 0.120 (0.031) | 0.121 (0.032) | 0.120 (0.030) | 0.856b | |
| Primary Care Physician (PCP) | Unique N of PCPs represented | 130 | 120 | 115 | -- |
| Average of median proportion of osteoporosis patients on panel, mean (SD) | 0.067 (0.032) | 0.065 (0.031) | 0.068 (0.033) | 0.006 b | |
| Average of median proportion of osteopenia patients on panel, mean (SD) | 0.130 (0.055) | 0.127 (0.054) | 0.133 (0.057) | 0.012 b | |
| Average age of PCPs, mean (SD) | 47.44 (8.74) | 47.32 (9.05) | 47.56 (8.44) | 0.472c | |
| Average KPGA tenure of PCPs, mean (SD) | 8.37 (6.63) | 8.23 (6.66) | 8.50 (6.61) | 0.273c | |
| Proportion of female PCPs | 0.571 | 0.548 | 0.592 | 0.021 a | |
| Patient | PCP the provider who ordered the DXA | 0.756 | 0.762 | 0.751 | 0.500a |
Bold indicates significance at p ≤ 0.05.
a.
Pearson χ2 test.
b.
Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
c.
Two-sample Student t-test.
DXA = dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; END = endocrinology; KPGA = Kaiser Permanente of Georgia; PCC = primary care clinic; PCP = primary care physician; RHE = rheumatology; SD = standard deviation.