Table 3.

Comparison of characteristics between participants with and without neck pain

	Neck pain (−) n = 361	Neck pain (+) n = 136	p
Distribution of age (y) (n [%])			0.570
(mean ± SD)	64.4 ± 12.1	63.6 ± 12.9
< 50	44 (12.2)	21 (15.4)
50-59	70 (19.3)	25 (18.4)
60-69	99 (27.3)	35 (25.7)
≥ 70	148 (40.9)	55 (40.4)
Sex ( n [%])			0.899
Male	112 (31.0)	43 (31.6)
Female	249 (69.0)	93 (18.7)
Disc degeneration
Matsumoto’s calssification
The most severity grade (n [%])			0.348
Grade 0	5 (1.4)	3 (2.2)
Grade 1	80 (22.1)	34 (25.0)
Grade 2	276 (76.5)	99 (72.8)
DDD score (range 0-12)	7.16 ± 3.00	7.14 ± 3.24	0.890
Miyazaki’s classification
The most severity grade (n [%])			0.000
Grade 1	1 (0.3)	0 (0)
Grade 2	7 (1.9)	58 (3.7)
Grade 3	64 (17.7)	18 (13.2)
Grade 4	250 (69.3)	91 (66.9)
Grade 5	39 (10.8)	22 (16.2)
DDD score (range 0-30)	19.36 ± 3.81	19.54 ± 4.31	0.352
Nakashima’s classification
The most severity grade (n [%])			0.319
Grade 1	6 (1.7)	3 (2.2)
Grade 2	25 (6.9)	9 (6.6)
Grade 3	288 (79.8)	100 (73.5)
Grade 4	42 (11.6)	24 (17.6)
DDD score (range 0-24)	14.89 ± 3.31	15.05 ± 3.61	0.392
Jacobs’ classification
The most severity grade (n [%])			0.403
Grade 0	10 (2.8)	11 (8.1)
Grade 1	299 (82.8)	99 (72.8)
Grade 2	28 (7.89)	16 (11.8)
Grade 3	15 (4.2)	10 (7.4)
DDD score (range 0-18)	4.33 ± 2.14	4.57 ± 2.37	0.278
Suzuki’s classification
The most severity grade (n [%])			0.592
Grade 0	1 (0.3)	0 (0)
Grade 1	67 (18.6)	24 (17.6)
Grade 2	156 (43.2)	57 (41.9)
Grade 3	137 (38.0)	55 (40.4)
DDD score (range 0-18)	8.64 ± 2.59	8.57 ± 2.80	0.984
Modic change (n [%])			0.124
None	342 (94.7)	128 (94.1)
Presence	19 (5.3)	8 (5.9)
Type 1	9	1
Type 2	11	5
Type 3	1	4
Schmorl node (n [%])			0.005
None	257 (71.2)	79 (58.1)
Presence	104 (28.8)	57 (41.9)

Abbreviations: DDD, degenerative disc disease.