Table 3.
Sample socioeconomic characteristics
| Characteristics | Study sample (n = 404) n (%) |
Scotlandb (2011) % |
p valued |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Female | 175 (43.3) | 51.5 | p < 0.001 |
| Male | 229 (56.7) | 48.5 | |
| Age (years) | |||
| 25–44 | 216 (53.5) | 41.5 | p < 0.001 |
| 45–64 | 145 (35.9) | 43.1 | |
| 65–75 | 43 (10.6) | 15.4 | |
| Educationa | |||
| No qualification | 5 (1.3) | 26.8 | p < 0.001 |
| Level 1 | 45 (11.5) | 23.1 | |
| Level 2 | 38 (9.7) | 14.3 | |
| Level 3 | 45 (11.5) | 9.7 | |
| Level 4 | 252 (64.6) | 26.1 | |
| Other | 5 (1.3) | ||
| Prefer not to say | 11 (2.7) | ||
| Missing data | 3 (0.7) | ||
| Employment status | |||
| Self-employed | 43 (10.6) | 7.5 | p < 0.001 |
| Employed full time | 192 (47.5) | 39.6 | |
| Employed part time | 54 (13.4) | 13.3 | |
| Looking after home or family | 9 (2.2) | 3.6 | |
| Permanently retired | 39 (9.7) | 14.9 | |
| Unemployed and seeking work | 7 (1.7) | 4.8 | |
| Full-time student | 34 (8.4) | 9.2 | |
| Permanently sick or disabled | 2 (0.5) | 5.1 | |
| Unable to work because of short-term illness | 5 (1.2) | ||
| Other | 19 (4.7) | 1.9 | |
| Income level (£ per year)c | |||
| < 5199 | 8 (2.0) | 2.0 | p < 0.001 |
| 5200–10,399 | 11 (2.7) | 9.0 | |
| 10,400–15,599 | 21 (5.2) | 15.0 | |
| 15,600–20,799 | 21 (5.2) | 14.0 | |
| 20,800–25,999 | 21 (5.2) | 11.0 | |
| 26,000–31,199 | 33 (8.2) | 8.0 | |
| 31,200–36,399 | 24 (5.9) | 8.0 | |
| 36,400–51,999 | 51 (12.6) | 15.0 | |
| ≥ 52,000 | 98 (24.3) | 18.0 | |
| Prefer not to say | 116 (28.7) | N/A | |
N/A no national data available
aLevel of education is defined as follows: Level 1: O Grade, Standard Grade, GCSE, GCE O level, CSE, NQ Access 3 Cluster, Intermediate 1, Intermediate 2, Senior Certificate or equivalent, GNVQ/GSVQ Foundation or Intermediate, SVQ Level 1, SVQ Level 2, SCOTVEC/National Certificate Module, City and Guilds Craft, RSA Diploma or equivalent, School Leaving Certificate, NQ Unit; Level 2: Higher Grade, Advanced Higher, CSYS, A Level, AS Level, Advanced Senior Certificate or equivalent, GNVQ/GSVQ Advanced, SVQ Level 3, ONC, OND, SCOTVEC National Diploma, City and Guilds Advanced Craft, RSA Advanced Diploma or equivalent; Level 3: HNC, HND, SVQ Level 4, RSA Higher Diploma or equivalent; Level 4: Degree, Higher degree/Postgraduate qualifications, SVQ Level 5 or equivalent: professional qualifications
bData from census 2011
cData from Family Resource Survey, Department for Work and Pension
dChi square test was employed to test if the proportion of sample was comparable to that of the general population