Table 1. Demographic variables, chronic medical condition, study site (company/worksite) and personality traits by occupational class.
| Managers | Professionals | Technicians | Clerks | Service & sales workers |
Craft & related trade workers |
Machine operators and assemblers |
Laborers | Gender total | |
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| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| men | men | ||||||||
| (n=2762) | (n=2547) | (n=2370) | (n=1371) | (n=230) | (n=1864) | (n=4921) | (n=379) | (n=16444) | |
| age (year)** | |||||||||
| 18-34 | 3 (0.1) | 567 (22.3) | 789 (33.3) | 288 (21.0) | 18 (7.8) | 396 (21.2) | 1,499 (30.5) | 59 (15.6) | 3,619 (22.0) |
| 35-44 | 1,157 (41.9) | 1,564 (61.4) | 1,025 (43.2) | 548 (40.0) | 93 (40.4) | 651 (34.9) | 1,551 (31.5) | 92 (24.3) | 6,681 (40.6) |
| 45 or older | 1,602 (58.0) | 416 (16.3) | 556 (23.5) | 535 (39.0) | 119 (51.7) | 817 (43.8) | 1,871 (38.0) | 228 (60.2) | 6,144 (37.4) |
| marital status** | |||||||||
| married | 2,643 (95.7) | 1,988 (78.1) | 1,749 (73.8) | 1,093 (79.7) | 194 (84.3) | 1,441 (77.3) | 3,558 (72.3) | 312 (82.3) | 12,978 (78.9) |
| never married | 85 (3.1) | 530 (20.8) | 567 (23.9) | 259 (18.9) | 27 (11.7) | 386 (20.7) | 1,255 (25.5) | 59 (15.6) | 3,168 (19.3) |
| previously married | 34 (1.2) | 29 (1.1) | 54 (2.3) | 19 (1.4) | 9 (3.9) | 37 (2.0) | 108 (2.2) | 8 (2.1) | 298 (1.8) |
| education** | |||||||||
| less than high school | 44 (1.6) | 30 (1.2) | 87 (3.7) | 88 (6.4) | 43 (18.7) | 311 (16.7) | 975 (19.8) | 107 (28.2) | 1,685 (10.2) |
| high school or some college | 821 (29.7) | 1,039 (40.8) | 1,281 (54.1) | 880 (64.2) | 144 (62.6) | 1,469 (78.8) | 3,843 (78.1) | 258 (68.1) | 9,735 (59.2) |
| college or higher | 1,897 (68.7) | 1,478 (58.0) | 1,002 (42.3) | 403 (29.4) | 43 (18.7) | 84 (4.5) | 103 (2.1) | 14 (3.7) | 5,024 (30.6) |
| chronic medical condition** | |||||||||
| none | 2,496 (90.4) | 2,378 (93.4) | 2,198 (92.7) | 1,252 (91.3) | 195 (84.8) | 1,686 (90.5) | 4,492 (91.3) | 330 (87.1) | 15,027 (91.4) |
| any | 266 (9.6) | 169 (6.6) | 172 (7.3) | 119 (8.7) | 35 (15.2) | 178 (9.5) | 429 (8.7) | 49 (12.9) | 1,417 (8.6) |
| company/worksite** | |||||||||
| A | 450 (16.3) | 314 (12.3) | 534 (22.5) | 331 (24.1) | 39 (17.0) | 742 (39.8) | 1,707 (34.7) | 244 (64.4) | 4,361 (26.5) |
| B | 336 (12.2) | 133 (5.2) | 135 (5.7) | 31 (2.3) | 16 (7.0) | 76 (4.1) | 75 (1.5) | 9 (2.4) | 811 (4.9) |
| C | 39 (1.4) | 30 (1.2) | 106 (4.5) | 51 (3.7) | 5 (2.2) | 268 (14.4) | 443 (9.0) | 12 (3.2) | 954 (5.8) |
| D | 1,357 (49.1) | 1,505 (59.1) | 806 (34.0) | 581 (42.4) | 100 (43.5) | 454 (24.4) | 1,293 (26.3) | 82 (21.6) | 6,178 (37.6) |
| E | 318 (11.5) | 106 (4.2) | 56 (2.4) | 52 (3.8) | 18 (7.8) | 5 (0.3) | 3 (0.1) | 0 | 558 (3.4) |
| F | 38 (1.4) | 27 (1.1) | 102 (4.3) | 31 (2.3) | 13 (5.7) | 84 (4.5) | 226 (4.6) | 10 (2.6) | 531 (3.2) |
| G | 199 (7.2) | 348 (13.7) | 442 (18.6) | 168 (12.3) | 8 (3.5) | 97 (5.2) | 534 (10.9) | 4 (1.1) | 1,800 (10.9) |
| H | 7 (0.3) | 65 (2.6) | 128 (5.4) | 47 (3.4) | 22 (9.6) | 74 (4.0) | 250 (5.1) | 8 (2.1) | 601 (3.7) |
| I | 18 (0.7) | 19 (0.7) | 61 (2.6) | 79 (5.8) | 9 (3.9) | 64 (3.4) | 390 (7.9) | 10 (2.6) | 650 (4.0) |
| neuroticism*, † | [ 4.9 (3.2) ] | [ 5.4 (3.2) ] | [ 5.5 (3.3) ] | [ 5.2 (3.3) ] | [ 4.8 (3.2) ] | [ 5.2 (3.2) ] | [ 5.5 (3.3) ] | [ 5.1 (3.3) ] | [ 5.3 (3.3) ] |
| extraversion**, † | [ 6.3 (3.6) ] | [ 5.0 (3.5) ] | [ 5.2 (3.5) ] | [ 5.6 (3.7) ] | [ 6.1 (3.6) ] | [ 5.4 (3.5) ] | [ 5.3 (3.5) ] | [ 5.8 (3.7) ] | [ 5.5 (3.6) ] |
| women | |||||||||
| (n=9) | (n=97) | (n=153) | (n=1013) | (n=102) | (n=155) | (n=1248) | (n=301) | (n=3078) | |
| age (year)** | |||||||||
| 18-34 | 5 (56) | 78 (80.4) | 102 (66.7) | 698 (68.9) | 11 (10.8) | 34 (21.9) | 456 (36.5) | 45 (15.0) | 1,429 (46.4) |
| 35-44 | 3 (33) | 13 (13.4) | 43 (28.1) | 197 (19.4) | 24 (23.5) | 56 (36.1) | 346 (27.7) | 86 (28.6) | 768 (25.0) |
| 45 or older | 1 (11) | 6 (6.2) | 8 (5.2) | 118 (11.6) | 67 (65.7) | 65 (41.9) | 446 (35.7) | 170 (56.5) | 881 (28.6) |
| marital status** | |||||||||
| married | 5 (56) | 46 (47.4) | 90 (58.8) | 542 (53.5) | 88 (86.3) | 128 (82.6) | 914 (73.2) | 248 (82.4) | 2,061 (67.0) |
| never married | 4 (44) | 49 (50.5) | 59 (38.6) | 450 (44.4) | 3 (2.9) | 17 (11.0) | 274 (22.0) | 31 (10.3) | 887 (28.8) |
| previously married | 0 | 2 (2.1) | 4 (2.6) | 21 (2.1) | 11 (10.8) | 10 (6.5) | 60 (4.8) | 22 (7.3) | 130 (4.2) |
| education** | |||||||||
| less than high school | 0 | 1 (1.0) | 4 (2.6) | 21 (2.1) | 49 (48.0) | 56 (36.1) | 359 (28.8) | 136 (45.2) | 626 (20.3) |
| high school or some college | 9 (100) | 73 (75.3) | 132 (86.3) | 938 (92.6) | 50 (49.0) | 98 (63.2) | 888 (71.2) | 162 (53.8) | 2,350 (76.3) |
| college or higher | 0 | 23 (23.7) | 17 (11.1) | 54 (5.3) | 3 (2.9) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) | 3 (1.0) | 102 (3.3) |
| chronic medical condition** | |||||||||
| none | 7 (78) | 94 (96.9) | 146 (95.4) | 983 (97.0) | 95 (93.1) | 147 (94.8) | 1,172 (93.9) | 277 (92.0) | 2,921 (94.9) |
| any | 2 (22) | 3 (3.1) | 7 (4.6) | 30 (3.0) | 7 (6.9) | 8 (5.2) | 76 (6.1) | 24 (8.0) | 157 (5.1) |
| company/worksite** | |||||||||
| A | 4 (44) | 60 (61.9) | 110 (71.9) | 682 (67.3) | 100 (98.0) | 148 (95.5) | 1,086 (87.0) | 276 (91.7) | 2,466 (80.1) |
| B | 1 (11) | 0 | 0 | 34 (3.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 (1.1) |
| C | 0 | 5 (5.2) | 15 (9.8) | 14 (1.4) | 0 | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.1) | 3 (1.0) | 40 (1.3) |
| D | 0 | 2 (2.1) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.1) |
| F | 1 (11) | 2 (2.1) | 4 (2.6) | 47 (4.6) | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.3) | 7 (2.3) | 65 (2.1) |
| G | 3 (33) | 25 (25.8) | 17 (11.1) | 173 (17.1) | 1 (1.0) | 5 (3.2) | 149 (11.9) | 15 (5.0) | 388 (12.6) |
| H | 0 | 3 (3.1) | 5 (3.3) | 52 (5.1) | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 8 (0.6) | 0 | 69 (2.2) |
| I | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 10 (1.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (0.4) |
| neuroticism*, † | [ 5.6 (3.2) ] | [ 5.6 (3.3) ] | [ 5.9 (2.9) ] | [ 6.1 (3.1) ] | [ 4.9 (3.1) ] | [ 6.0 (3.2) ] | [ 6.0 (3.2) ] | [ 5.9 (3.4) ] | [ 6.0 (3.2) ] |
| extraversion**, † | [ 6.2 (3.7) ] | [ 6.5 (3.4) ] | [ 5.9 (3.2) ] | [ 6.1 (3.4) ] | [ 6.1 (3.5) ] | [ 5.4 (3.3) ] | [ 5.6 (3.4) ] | [ 5.7 (3.4) ] | [ 5.8 (3.4) ] |
* p<0.05, ** p<0.01 (Chi-square test or one-way ANOVA).
† : Average with standard deviation in parentheses is shown.