Table 3. Mean daily intakes and reproducibility of energy and nutrients between FFQ1 and FFQ2, < 3 years apart (n = 139).
| Daily intake | Mean ± SD1) | Pearson's correlation2) | Quartile agreement | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FFQ1 | FFQ2 | Crude r | Energy-adjusted r | Same | Same or adjacent | Opposite | ||
| Energy (kcal) | 2,110.76 ± 984.91 | 1,859.44 ± 951.83 | 0.49 | - | 45 | 80 | 6 | |
| % Energy from protein | 14.05 ± 2.65 | 14.58 ± 2.83 | - | 0.43 | 38 | 79 | 5 | |
| % Energy from fat | 22.34 ± 6.31 | 24.22 ± 6.31 | - | 0.39 | 40 | 76 | 5 | |
| % Energy from carbohydrate | 60.73 ± 8.94 | 58.76 ± 8.35 | - | 0.44 | 37 | 78 | 6 | |
| Protein (g) | 75.14 ± 44.08 | 67.69 ± 40.43 | 0.58 | 0.44 | 45 | 83 | 6 | |
| Fat (g) | 53.75 ± 35.81 | 48.79 ± 27.91* | 0.57 | 0.38 | 45 | 80 | 4 | |
| SFA (g) | 16.37 ± 11.36 | 14.70 ± 8.56* | 0.58 | 0.47 | 42 | 82 | 3 | |
| MUFA (g) | 17.23 ± 12.33 | 15.60 ± 9.26* | 0.58 | 0.44 | 47 | 83 | 3 | |
| PUFA (g) | 12.78 ± 7.94 | 11.92 ± 6.89* | 0.53 | 0.30 | 45 | 81 | 5 | |
| n-3 FA (g) | 1.42 ± 0.93 | 1.32 ± 0.82* | 0.56 | 0.26 | 45 | 81 | 3 | |
| n-6 FA (g) | 11.52 ± 7.19 | 10.76 ± 6.19* | 0.52 | 0.31 | 42 | 82 | 5 | |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 325.66 ± 220.12 | 314.29 ± 217.52* | 0.56 | 0.37 | 47 | 82 | 2 | |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 316.72 ± 139.68 | 275.33 ± 145.29 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 42 | 78 | 6 | |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 18.52 ± 10.93 | 17.16 ± 11.30 | 0.59 | 0.38 | 47 | 86 | 3 | |
| Calcium (mg) | 479.81 ± 273.13 | 432.94 ± 250.77 | 0.56 | 0.39 | 46 | 83 | 4 | |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 1,040.00 ± 534.00 | 942.82 ± 523.86 | 0.57 | 0.43 | 43 | 81 | 4 | |
| Iron (mg) | 13.46 ± 7.24 | 12.47 ± 7.59 | 0.60 | 0.38 | 44 | 86 | 4 | |
| Sodium (mg) | 3,460.70 ± 2,174.75 | 3,134.49 ± 2,071.77 | 0.54 | 0.16† | 44 | 84 | 3 | |
| Potassium (mg) | 2,674.20 ± 1,482.59 | 2,491.17 ± 1,529.11 | 0.62 | 0.49 | 49 | 86 | 4 | |
| Vitamin A (µg RE) | 595.63 ± 361.76 | 577.54 ± 400.01* | 0.53 | 0.17 | 45 | 82 | 4 | |
| Retinol (μg) | 116.85 ± 78.58 | 105.51 ± 67.61* | 0.59 | 0.49 | 40 | 83 | 2 | |
| Carotene (μg) | 2,651.50 ± 1,757.31 | 2,666.50 ± 2,065.52* | 0.45 | 0.11† | 46 | 81 | 4 | |
| Thiamin (mg) | 1.90 ± 1.00 | 1.70 ± 0.92 | 0.55 | 0.45 | 42 | 82 | 6 | |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 1.53 ± 0.87 | 1.40 ± 0.77 | 0.57 | 0.39 | 41 | 86 | 2 | |
| Niacin (mg) | 14.47 ± 8.71 | 12.88 ± 8.00 | 0.56 | 0.43 | 47 | 86 | 5 | |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 98.21 ± 101.76 | 88.99 ± 81.50* | 0.57 | 0.39 | 40 | 83 | 2 | |
FFQ1, the first food frequency questionnaire; FFQ2, the second food frequency questionnaire; SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; FA, fatty acids.
1)Non-significant differences in mean intakes at α = 0.05 between FFQs were noted as “*”.
2)Correlation coefficients were statistically significant at α = 0.05, unless otherwise noted as “†”.