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. 2021 Jul 12;16(1):106–119. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.1.106

Table 4. Reproducibility of selected food items between the first and second food frequency questionnaires.

Food item All (n = 243) < 3 years apart (n = 139)
Spearman's correlation Quartile agreement Spearman's correlation Quartile agreement
Same Same or adjacent Opposite Same Same or adjacent Opposite
Cooked rice 0.25 35 69 8 0.33 42 76 6
Cooked rice with other grains and legumes 0.51 43 80 6 0.52 45 82 6
Instant noodles, instant cup noodles 0.45 42 82 4 0.47 42 84 5
Loaf bread 0.45 43 79 7 0.47 49 81 9
Butter, margarine 0.36 - - - 0.46 - - -
Jam 0.49 - - - 0.55 - - -
Sweet red-beans buns, steamed sweet red-bean buns, cream buns 0.41 - - - 0.47 - - -
Pizza 0.36 33 76 7 0.46 37 79 6
Hamburger, sandwich 0.35 37 74 8 0.47 42 79 6
Plain steamed rice-cake, steamed rice-cake with red-bean, cubed rice-cake with soybean powder, plain cubed rice-cake 0.49 - - - 0.53 - - -
Cereal 0.36 - - - 0.41 - - -
Sea mustard soup 0.44 41 83 2 0.39 40 81 2
Bean paste soup 0.33 40 71 5 0.34 42 74 4
Kimchi stew, stir-fried kimchi 0.33 39 77 8 0.24 42 74 9
Bean curd, bean curd boiled in soy sauce, pan-fried bean curd 0.43 37 77 6 0.44 40 78 4
Soybean boiled in soy sauce 0.41 - - - 0.37 - - -
Fried egg, fried egg roll 0.41 39 79 3 0.44 41 81 4
Grilled pork belly 0.50 40 81 4 0.60 41 83 2
Stir-fried beef 0.45 37 77 3 0.52 35 80 5
Ham 0.43 39 78 8 0.48 40 78 8
Fried chicken 0.53 44 86 2 0.53 47 83 1
Anchovy, stir-fried anchovy 0.41 45 78 6 0.38 39 77 6
Bean sprout (seasoned, soup), seasoned mung bean sprout 0.40 33 78 7 0.45 42 81 5
Cucumber (seasoned, raw) 0.35 38 77 6 0.45 40 81 4
Vegetables salad 0.39 37 77 7 0.38 40 77 6
Boiled broccoli, boiled cabbage 0.46 45 73 7 0.54 50 78 7
Korean cabbage kimchi 0.46 42 79 4 0.51 48 84 8
Pickled vegetable (pepper, garlic, sesame leaf, onion, radish), pickled cucumber 0.37 46 74 10 0.36 40 72 10
Grilled laver, raw laver, seasoned laver 0.34 40 72 7 0.34 35 76 6
Stir-fried potatoes, potatoes boiled with soy sauce 0.45 39 81 5 0.45 42 76 5
Milk (normal) 0.31 - - - 0.26 - - -
Soybean milk 0.38 - - - 0.36 - - -
Tomato, cherry tomato 0.36 - - - 0.42 - - -
Apple 0.38 42 70 7 0.41 41 76 7
Banana 0.34 35 79 7 0.41 36 78 5
Coffee 0.54 46 83 5 0.54 46 83 5
Soft drink (cola, soda, fruit juice soda) 0.51 44 76 5 0.51 47 80 4
Snack 0.47 41 79 4 0.42 43 79 5
Cookie, cracker 0.36 33 80 7 0.40 42 77 9
Beer 0.72 58 86 2 0.74 60 87 2

Correlation coefficients were statistically significant at α = 0.05, unless otherwise noted as “*”.