Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

GW geriatric ward, GCS geriatric consultant service, ICM integrated care model, RCT randomized controlled trial, SD standard deviation, LOS length of stay, TTS time to surgery, IHM in-hospital mortality, 1YM one-year mortality, 30DR 30-day readmission rate, COMP complication rate, FO functional outcome, NA not assessed, (x) data are available but not included in meta-analysis because more recent data from the same cohort are available and/or data do not fit the requirements for the meta-analysis