Table 3.

Risk of bias assessment with the QUADAS-2 tool

Study	Risk of bias				Applicability concerns
	Patient selection	Index test	Reference standard	Flow and timing	Patient selection	Index test	Reference standard
Mehta (2013) [29]	☺	☺	☺	☺	☺	☺	☺
Morgan (2009) [27]	☺	?	?	☺	☺	☺	☺
Nyman (2009) [26]	☺	?	?	☺	☺	☺	☺
Shefelbine (2005) [30]	☺	?	?	☺	☺	☺	☺
Nazarian (2010) [19]	☺	?	?	☺	☺	☺	☺
Fiset (2018) [22]	☺	?	?	☺	☺	☺	☺
Jämsä (2000) [21]	☺	?	?	☺	☺	☺	☺
Sigurdsen (2011) [25]	☺	?	?	☺	☺	☺	☺
Markel (1990) [17]	☺	?	?	☺	☺	☺	☺
Augat (1997) [20]	☺	?	?	☺	☺	☺	☺
Den Boer (1998) [28]	☺	?	?	☺	☺	☺	☺
Wright (2012) [24]	☺	?	?	☺	☺	☺	☺
Böhm (1999) [23]	☺	☹	?	☺	☺	☺	☺

☺Low risk, ☹High risk, ? Unclear risk