FIGURE 3.

Treatment with NVP-BEZ235, PP242, and Rapamycin increased apoptosis and reduced tumor cell invasion in RCC cells. UMRC6, 786-0, and UOK121 cells were respectively incubated with 100 nM NVP-BEZ235, PP242, and Rapamycin for 48 h or 72 h. DMSO-treated cells served as control (0 nM). (A) The apoptotic cell death was quantified by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and PI staining. (B) A transwell invasion assay was performed on RCC cells with NVP-BEZ235, PP242, or Rapamycin. After 48 h, the invasive cells were stained with crystal violet and counted (final magnification, 200×). Results are representative of three independent experiments.