Table 1.
Preoperative characteristics and operative data of patients dying during the short-term (<1 year), mid-term (1–3 years), and long-term (≥3 years) support periods.
| Short-Term (n=2693) | Mid-Term (n=1567) | Long-Term (n=661) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age, years | 61.7 ± 0.22 | 60.4 ± 0.30 | 60.5 ± 0.50 | 0.0004 |
|
| ||||
| Male | 78.1% | 78.8% | 81.7% | 0.13 |
|
| ||||
| BSA, m2 | 2.07 ± 0.01 | 2.10 ± 0.01 | 2.11 ± 0.01 | 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.6 ± 0.14 | 29.4 ± 0.21 | 29.0 ± 0.27 | 0.01 |
|
| ||||
| BTT, listed | 16.9% | 13.6% | 11.2% | 0.0001 |
|
| ||||
| Caucasian Race | 72.0% | 68.6% | 72.6% | 0.04 |
|
| ||||
| Severe Diabetes | 10.9% | 12.6% | 11.5% | 0.24 |
| PVD | 6.5% | 7.2% | 5.5% | 0.30 |
| Solid Organ Cancer | 6.3% | 7.6% | 6.8% | 0.28 |
| Pulmonary HTN | 22.3% | 26.0% | 27.4% | 0.003 |
| Pulmonary Disease | 11.8% | 13.9% | 10.6% | 0.04 |
| Hepatitis | 1.3% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 0.005 |
|
| ||||
| Prior cardiac operation | 40.5% | 37.5% | 40.7% | 0.13 |
| CABG | 28.1% | 26.4% | 29.7% | 0.24 |
| CAD | 6.0% | 5.3% | 5.4% | 0.60 |
|
| ||||
| Intermacs Profile | ||||
| 1 | 20.3% | 11.0% | 9.8% | < .0001 |
| 2 | 36.4% | 35.6% | 33.7% | 0.44 |
| 3 | 30.0% | 37.3% | 35.4% | <0.0001 |
| 4–7 | 13.2% | 16.1% | 21.0% | <0.0001 |
|
| ||||
| TCS | 36.5% | 23.5% | 20.8% | <0.0001 |
| IABP | 35.0% | 30.0% | 25.0% | <0.0001 |
| ECMO | 7.8% | 2.7% | 1.8% | <0 .0001 |
|
| ||||
| Inotropes | 84.3% | 82.8% | 79.8% | .02 |
|
| ||||
| Dialysis | 5.3% | 2.2% | 2.0% | < .0001 |
|
| ||||
| Ventilator | 11.2% | 6.1% | 5.9% | < .0001 |
|
| ||||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.52 ± 0.01 | 1.45 ± 0.02 | 1.39 ± 0.02 | < .0001 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 33.4 ± 0.37 | 30.9 ±.47 | 30.9 ± 0.47 | < .0001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.30 ± 0.01 | 3.41 ± 0.02 | 3.46 ± 0.03 | < .0001 |
| INR | 1.35 ± 0.01 | 1.29 ± 0.01 | 1.32 ± 0.02 | 0.004 |
| AST, IU | 56.93 ± 2.67 | 42.90 ± 2.35 | 41.20 ± 3.67 | 0.0001 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.61 ± 0.05 | 1.21 ± 0.03 | 1.21 ± 0.04 | < .0001 |
|
| ||||
| RA, mmHg | 14.00 ±−0.21 | 13.84 ± 0.28 | 13.37 ± 0.42 | 0.43 |
| PA Systolic, mmHg | 49.97 ± 0.31 | 49.93 ± 0.40 | 49.78 ± 0.62 | 0.97 |
| PA Diastolic, mmHg | 24.55 ± 0.19 | 24.62 ± 0.23 | 24.33 ± 0.37 | 0.81 |
| CO, L/min | 4.29 ± 0.03 | 4.25 ± 0.04 | 4.15 ± 0.06 | 0.13 |
|
| ||||
| History alcohol abuse | 6.1% | 7.2% | 8.6% | 0.05 |
| History drug use | 5.4% | 6.8% | 5.6% | 0.13 |
| Noncompliance | 2.9% | 4.4% | 3.3% | 0.03 |
| Married | 66.8% | 63.8% | 66.8% | 0.13 |
| Current Smoker | 4.8% | 7.0% | 4.7% | 0.01 |
|
| ||||
| Operative details | ||||
|
| ||||
| Bypass time, min | 104.28 ± 1.12 | 92.16 ± 1.16 | 97.85 ± 2.02 | < .0001 |
|
| ||||
| Concomitant Surgery | 47.8% | 38.5% | 39.9% | < .0001 |
|
| ||||
| Centrifugal HD Flow (n=5211) | 30.6% | 18.6% | 12.6% | <0.001 |
| Centrifugal ML flow (n=1160) | 4.0% | 0.1% | 0% | |
| Axial Flow (n=10098) | 65.4% | 81.2% | 87.4% | |
mean ± standard error shown. ALT= alanine aminotransferase; BMI= body mass index; BSA= body surface area; BTT= bridge to transplant; CAD= coronary artery disease; CABG= coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD= chronic kidney disease; CO= cardiac output; ECMO= extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HD= hydrodynamic; HTN= hypertension; IABP= intra-aortic balloon pump; ML= full Magnetic levitation; PVD= peripheral vascular arterial disease; RA= right atrial; PA= pulmonary artery; TCS= temporary circulatory support