Table 3.
Integrins of myofibroblasts
| Integrin | Ligand and binding site | Function | Involved in |
|---|---|---|---|
| α1β1 | GFOGER, but GLOGEN on collagen III, is more prominent (245, 246, 247) | Binding downregulates collagen secretion (248) | Fetal scarless healing |
| α2β1 | GFOGER on fibrous collagen (245, 246) | Binding upregulates MMP1 and MMP13, could promote NF-κB (248, 251, 252, 253) | Scar formation |
| α4β1 | Fn extra fomain A (242, 316), TSP-1 (241) | Overlaps with α9β1, plus migration and proliferation (243) | Granulation tissue (scar) |
| α5β1 | RGD plus PSHRN synergy site on Fn (54) | Cell homeostasis and reinforces adhesion (45, 231) | Resolved wound healing |
| α9β1 | Fn extra domain A (242, 316), TSP-1 (236), TNC (240) | Filopodia formation, Cdc42 signaling (237, 238, 239); promotes angiogenesis via TSP-1 binding (236) | Granulation tissue (scar) |
| α11β1 | GFOGER on fibrous collagen (245, 246) | Overexpression leads to phenotype resembling cardiac fibrosis (260), can liberate TGF-β from LAP via TNX (257) | Granulation tissue (scar) |
| αvβ1 | RGD on Fn, LAP complex of TGF-β (226, 227) | Can liberate TGF-β from LAP (226, 227); its inhibition prevents fibrosis (230) | Fibrosis |
| αvβ3 | RGD on Fn, LAP complex of TGF-β (56, 226, 227) | Outcompetes α5β1 for Fn binding. Interacts directly with Src (231, 232) | Fibrosis, cancer |
| αvβ5 | RGD on Fn, LAP complex of TGF-β (226, 227) | Can liberate TGF-β from LAP (226, 227) | Fibrosis |
| αvβ6 | RGD on Fn, LAP complex of TGF-β (226, 227) | Canonically liberates TGF-β from LAP (173, 226, 227) | Fibrosis |
| αvβ8 | RGD on Fn, LAP complex of TGF-β (226, 227) | Can liberate TGF-β from LAP (226, 227) | Fibrosis |
Abbreviations: GFOGER, glycine–phenylalanine–hydroxyproline–glycine–glutamate–arginine; LAP, latency-associated peptide.