Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jan 10;12:821535. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.821535

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2022 Seixas, Quendera, Sousa, Silva, Arraiano and Andrade.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Main oxidative lesions found in RNA. (A) Redox state of molecular oxygen. From left to right: molecular oxygen (O₂), superoxide anion (O₂ ⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hydroxyl radical (HO^•) and water (H₂O). The reduction potentials are shown regarding the standard concentration of O₂ to be 1M at pH 7 (adapted from Imlay 2009). (B) Reaction of a guanosine with a hydroxyl radical, yielding 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxo-G). (C) Three modified RNA nucleobases: oxidized adenosine 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroadenosine (8-oxo-A), oxidized cytosine 5-hydroxycytosine (5-HO-C) and oxidized uridine 5-hydroxyuridine (5-HO-U). Oxidation sites are marked as dashed circles. R represents the ribose group.