FIGURE 1.

The role of Epstein-barr virus in neurological diseases. EBV can infect the organism directly, or indirectly via infection of B cells interact with host cells via its own encoded proteins (EBNA1, LMP1, LMP2A, etc.) and miRNAs to promote inflammation and regulate the immune response, and participate in the development of neurological disorders. (A) EBV-positive/infected B cells used the viral proteins to induce β-amyloid aggregation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation, cause neuroinflammation and modulate the immune response, and promote the development of AD. (B) EBV-infected B cells used the viral proteins to induce α-syn aggregation, cause neuroinflammation, and promote the development of PD. (C) EBV-positive B cells used the viral proteins to induce angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, immune escape and demyelination and facilitate the development of MS. In MS, vitamin D can also inhibit disease progression. (D) EBV-positive B cells used the viral proteins or viral miRNAs to induce immune escape, inhibit apoptosis, cause neuroinflammation, and promote the occurrence of brain tumorigenesis. (E) EBV can directly invade the organism or infect B cells to enter the brain, and viral proteins can then induce immune escape, cause neuroinflammation, and stimulate the development of encephalitis and meningitis. (F) EBV infection can induce demyelination, cause neuroinflammation, and promote the development of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.