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. 2022 Jan 10;9:779936. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.779936

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Copyright © 2022 Yang, Wang, Hu, Ma, Shi, Cao, Guo, Cai and Cai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Extracorporeal cardiac shock wave (ECSW)-induced ECFCs-exo protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. (A) The cell viability of H9c2 cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury treated with CON-exo and SW-exo at different concentrations from 0 to 40 µg/ml. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, within group; ##p < 0.01, between groups. (B–E) Quantitative analysis of the cell viability (B) by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (C) by reagent kit, cell apoptosis rate (D) by flow cytometry, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (E) by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining were shown for each group, including NC, H/R, and H9c2 cells after H/R injury treated with PBS, CON-exo, and SW-exo. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, E: scale bar = 50 μm.