TABLE 2.
Baseline characteristics in 182 patients with cardiorespiratory disease
| Characteristic | All n=182 | COPD n=45 | Heart failure n=35 |
| Age, years | 68.6±13.8 | 71.7±9.3 | 76.8±7.9 |
| Females | 97 (53.3) | 27 (60) | 9 (25.7) |
| Main cause of breathlessness | |||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 45 (24.7) | ||
| Asthma | 39 (21.4) | ||
| Heart failure | 35 (19.2) | ||
| Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | 34 (18.7) | ||
| Other interstitial lung disease | 10 (5.5) | ||
| Other | 16 (8.8) | ||
| n=179 | |||
| Spirometry | |||
| FEV1, L | 1.9±0.8 | 1.4±0.7 | 2.2±0.8 |
| n=152 | n=44 | n=12 | |
| FEV1, % predicted | 75.2±25.8 | 57.6±21.2 | 88.7±27.7 |
| n=151 | n=44 | n=12 | |
| VC, L | 2.7±1.0 | 2.9±1.1 | 2.9±1.1 |
| n=112 | n=44 | n=13 | |
| VC, % predicted | 78.7±20.7 | 80±21.6 | 78.2±23.6 |
| n=152 | n=44 | n=13 | |
| FEV1/VC | 0.7±0.2 | 0.5±0.1 | 0.7±0.1 |
| n=152 | n=44 | n=12 | |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction | 45.7±14.8 | 52.1±9.7 | 37 ±13 |
| n=73 | n=13 | n=34 | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current smoker | 19 (10.4) | 9 (20) | 2 (5.8) |
| Former smoker | 107 (58.8) | 33 (73.3) | 23 (65.7) |
| Never smoker | 54 (29.7) | 3 (6.7) | 9 (25.7) |
| n=180 | n=45 | n=34 | |
| Body mass index, kg·m−2 | 27.4±6.2 | 26.9±7.9 | 30.2±5.7 |
| n=181 | n=45 | n=35 | |
| mMRC | |||
| 0 | 7 (3.8) | 3 (6.7) | 0 |
| 1 | 48 (26.4) | 8 (17.8) | 7 (20) |
| 2 | 37 (20.3) | 10 (22.2) | 4 (11.4) |
| 3 | 33 (18.1) | 9 (20) | 9 (25.7) |
| 4 | 57 (31.3) | 15 (33.3) | 15 (42.9) |
| n=182 | n=45 | n=35 | |
| NYHA | |||
| 1 | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 54 (29.7) | 15 (33.3) | 8 (22.9) |
| 3 | 90 (49.5) | 22 (48.9) | 15 (42.9) |
| 4 | 36 (19.8) | 7 (15.6) | 12 (34.3) |
| n=181 | n=44 | n=35 | |
| MDP total score | 40.3±26.5 | 41.1±28.5 | 42.4±27.6 |
| n=159 | n=39 | n=32 | |
| MDP immediate perception | 24.3±14.9 | 25.1±15.5 | 25.9±16.2 |
| n=163 | n=39 | n=33 | |
| MDP emotional response | 16.0±13.5 | 16 ±13.5 | 16.2±13.8 |
| n=176 | n=45 | n=34 | |
| MDP A1 unpleasantness score | 4.94±2.53 | 5±2.4 | 5.5±2.6 |
| n=176 | n=43 | n=35 | |
| D-12 total score | 15.8±9.1 | 17.1±8.9 | 16.0±8.9 |
| n=167 | n=39 | n=31 | |
| D-12 physical | 9.8±5.3 | 10.5±5 | 9.9±5.4 |
| n=174 | n=42 | n=33 | |
| D-12 affective | 6.1±4.4 | 6.5±4.6 | 5.8±4.1 |
| n=174 | n=41 | n=33 | |
| CAT | 20.0±7.8 | 19.6±8.6 | 19.2±7.3 |
| n=177 | n=45 | n=33 | |
| EQ-5D-5L index (UK) | 0.61±0.27 | 0.61±0.27 | 0.58±0.31 |
| n=181 | n=45 | n=35 | |
| HADS total score | 9.94±6.83 | 9.64±6.61 | 10.76±8.93 |
| n=177 | n=44 | n=34 | |
| HADS anxiety | 5.66±4.21 | 5.64±4.17 | 5.53±4.93 |
| n=179 | n=45 | n=34 | |
| HADS depression | 4.27±3.26 | 4.00±3.03 | 5.24±4.27 |
| n=179 | n=44 | n=1 | |
| FACIT-F | 30.4±12.2 | 31.45±13.41 | 27.0±12.1 |
| n=172 | n=42 | n=32 | |
Data are presented as mean±sd deviation or frequency (percentage) for all participants (n=182) and for participants with COPD (n=45) and heart failure (n=35), respectively, as the primary cause of breathlessness.
CAT: COPD Assessment Test; D-12: Dyspnoea-12; EQ-5D-5L: EuroQol Five-Dimension Five-Level scale; FACIT-F: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue; FEV1: forced expired volume in 1 s; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MDP: Multidimensional Dyspnoea Profile; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council breathlessness scale; NYHA: New York Heart Association scale; VC: vital capacity (the highest value of the slow and forced VC).