Table 1.
Overview of the species used for heat knockdown time assessment and their thermal performance. The species-specific knockdown temperatures, THKDT, used were based on the species' critical thermal maximum, CTmax (s.e.m., n). Superscript letters a–f denote significant differences in CTmax between species, based on Dunn's post hoc tests. The average knockdown time, HKDTavr (s.e.m. in seconds, n), measured on the total number of individuals tested across days and times are displayed. Plasticity is expressed as the mean of the daily coefficients of variation (CVs) recorded across test days, and the minimum and maximum CVs are provided in parentheses. The daily change in mean HKDT relative to the minimum (ΔHKDT) is displayed as an average across days and the lowest and highest recorded daily changes are provided in parentheses. Plasticity and ΔHKDT were only calculated when more than 3 days of measurements were available, and otherwise are indicated by ‘n.a.’. Sex is indicated as male (m), female (f) or not available (n.a.).
| region | order | species | CTmax (°C) | THKDT (°C) | HKDTavr (min : s) | plasticity (%CV) | ΔHKDT (%) | sex |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| temperate | Hemiptera | Stenophyella macreta | 51.1 (0.1, 30)f | 49.7 | 16 : 20 (22, 475) | 22.9 (14.2–29.1) | 23.1 (9.2–46.6) | m + f |
| temperate | Hemiptera | Nysius caledoniae | 49.9 (0.2, 20)ef | 48.5 | 11 : 49 (13, 1069) | 21.2 (14.1–35.5) | 17.6 (5.8–48.4) | m + f |
| tropical | Hymenoptera | Oecophylla smaragdina | 48.0 (0.1, 28)ef | 46.6 | 24 : 47 (31, 592) | 22.9 (18.3–25.2) | 14.6 (5.6–26.8) | n.a. |
| tropical | Hemiptera | Pseudopachybrachius guttus | 46.2 (0.1, 38)ce | 44.8 | 23 : 55 (43, 939) | 24.6 (21.8–30.8) | 14.5 (8.0–25.7) | m + f |
| tropical | Hemiptera | Cicadellidae sp. | 44.8 (0.2, 40)ac | 43.4 | 30 : 51 (101, 799) | 28.1 (18.9–41.0) | 32.9 (9.5–63.7) | m + f |
| temperate | Hemiptera | Psyllidae sp. | 44.2 (0.2, 15)abc | 42.8 | 11 : 49 (28, 349) | 31.6 (22.7–38.7) | 21.0 (11.8–39.9) | n.a. |
| temperate | Hemiptera | Aphis nerii | 43.9 (0.0, 28)ab | 42.5 | 12 : 13 (47, 137) | n.a. | n.a. | f |
| temperate | Hemiptera | Uroleucon sonchi | 43.8 (0.0, 24)ab | 42.4 | 10 : 23 (21, 382) | 22.9 (19.1–27.6) | 21.9 (8.7–37.4) | f |
| temperate | Hemiptera | Hyperomyzus lactucae | 43.3 (0.1, 19)ab | 41.9 | 14 : 01 (35, 253) | 27.2 (21.4–34.7) | 31.6 (15.4–47.7) | f |
| tropical | Diptera | Scaptodrosophila novoguineensis | 42.6 (0.1, 39)bd | 40.7 | 26 : 59 (78, 946) | 35.9 (32.2–43.2) | 33.4 (19.6–87.6) | m + f |
| temperate | Diptera | Drosophila melanogaster | 41.4 (0.1, 13)bd | 40.0 | 15 : 28 (49, 920) | 32.8 (22.5–46.2) | 35.7 (16.9–59.8) | m + f |
| tropical | Diptera | Drosophila rubida | 40.0 (0.1, 45)d | 38.6 | 26 : 22 (42, 954) | 41.9 (28.1–51.7) | 31.7 (6.4–90.3) | m + f |