Table 2.
Associations of maternal NNS intake (quartiles of intake averaged across first and second trimesters) with BMI z-scores at each in-person research visit birth to early adolescence (linear regression)
| NNS* | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| quartile | β (95% CI) | ||||
|
| |||||
| BMI-z birth | Q1 | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) |
| Q2 | 0.04 (−0.16, 0.23) | 0.07 (−0.12, 0.27) | 0.04 (−0.16, 0.23) | 0.00 (−0.21, 0.21) | |
| Q3 | 0.02 (−0.15, 0.18) | 0.04 (−0.13, 0.21) | 0.01 (−0.16, 0.18) | 0.04 (−0.14, 0.22) | |
| Q4 | 0.11 (−0.06, 0.27) | 0.09 (−0.08, 0.26) | 0.05 (−0.12, 0.22) | 0.03 (−0.15, 0.21) | |
| BMI-z 6 m | Q1 | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) |
| Q2 | 0.00 (−0.19, 0.19) | 0.00 (−0.20, 0.20) | −0.02 (−0.22, 0.18) | −0.03 (−0.23, 0.17) | |
| Q3 | 0.05 (−0.11, 0.21) | 0.00 (−0.17, 0.17) | −0.02 (−0.19, 0.15) | 0.02 (−0.16, 0.19) | |
| Q4 | 0.20 (0.04, 0.37) | 0.22 (0.05, 0.40) | 0.20 (0.03, 0.38) | 0.20 (0.02, 0.38) | |
| BMI-z early childhood | Q1 | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) |
| Q2 | 0.10 (−0.08, 0.27) | 0.10 (−0.08, 0.27) | 0.05 (−0.12, 0.23) | 0.03 (−0.15, 0.20) | |
| Q3 | −0.02 (−0.17, 0.13) | −0.03 (−0.19, 0.12) | −0.07 (−0.23, 0.08) | −0.07 (−0.23, 0.08) | |
| Q4 | 0.28 (0.13, 0.43) | 0.31 (0.15, 0.47) | 0.24 (0.08, 0.39) | 0.21 (0.05, 0.37) | |
| BMI-z mid-childhood | Q1 | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) |
| Q2 | 0.22 (0.00, 0.45) | 0.23 (0.01, 0.45) | 0.16 (−0.06, 0.37) | 0.12 (−0.10, 0.34) | |
| Q3 | 0.15 (−0.04, 0.33) | 0.18 (0.00, 0.37) | 0.11 (−0.08, 0.29) | 0.11 (−0.07, 0.30) | |
| Q4 | 0.38 (0.19, 0.56) | 0.41 (0.22, 0.60) | 0.31 (0.12, 0.50) | 0.21 (0.02, 0.40) | |
| BMI-z early adolescence | Q1 | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) |
| Q2 | 0.11 (−0.13, 0.35) | 0.06 (−0.19, 0.30) | −0.03 (−0.26, 0.20) | −0.05 (−0.29, 0.18) | |
| Q3 | 0.01 (−0.20, 0.22) | 0.07 (−0.14, 0.28) | −0.05 (−0.25, 0.15) | −0.03 (−0.24, 0.17) | |
| Q4 | 0.29 (0.08, 0.50) | 0.32 (0.10, 0.54) | 0.19 (−0.02, 0.40) | 0.14 (−0.07, 0.35) | |
NNS: Diet soda + NutraSweet/Equal packets
Model 1. Unadjusted
Model 2. Adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, parity, pre-pregnancy physical activity, and pregnancy smoking status
Model 3. Model 2 + pre-pregnancy BMI
Model 4. Model 3 + father’s BMI and education