Table 3.
Associations of maternal NNS intake (quartiles of intake averaged across first and second trimesters) with offspring sum of skinfolds (early childhood, mid-childhood, early adolescence) or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry fat mass index (mid-childhood and early adolescence) (linear regression)
| NNS* | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile | β (95% CI) | ||||
|
| |||||
| Sum of skinfolds | Q1 | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) |
| early childhood, mm | Q2 | 0.49 (−0.25, 1.23) | 0.32 (−0.46, 1.09) | 0.28 (−0.49, 1.06) | 0.21 (−0.59, 1.01) |
| Q3 | 0.24 (−0.41, 0.90) | −0.09 (−0.78, 0.60) | −0.13 (−0.83, 0.56) | −0.03 (−0.73, 0.67) | |
| Q4 | 1.61 (0.97, 2.25) | 1.36 (0.67, 2.05) | 1.29 (0.60, 1.98) | 1.17 (0.47, 1.88) | |
| Sum of skinfolds | Q1 | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) |
| mid-childhood, mm | Q2 | 1.46 (−0.35, 3.27) | 1.27 (−0.52, 3.05) | 0.84 (−0.92, 2.61) | 0.47 (−1.30, 2.23) |
| Q3 | 1.14 (−0.36, 2.65) | 1.34 (−0.18, 2.86) | 0.91 (−0.60, 2.42) | 0.74 (−0.75, 2.24) | |
| Q4 | 3.41 (1.89, 4.93) | 3.75 (2.19, 5.30) | 3.13 (1.59, 4.68) | 2.33 (0.80, 3.87) | |
| Sum of skinfolds | Q1 | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) |
| early adolescence, mm | Q2 | 1.90 (−0.68, 4.49) | 1.24 (−1.45, 3.93) | 0.41 (−2.16, 2.98) | 0.10 (−2.50, 2.69) |
| Q3 | 0.74 (−1.48, 2.97) | 1.49 (−0.84, 3.82) | 0.29 (−1.95, 2.53) | 0.37 (−1.89, 2.62) | |
| Q4 | 3.50 (1.22, 5.79) | 4.07 (1.66, 6.49) | 2.77 (0.45, 5.08) | 2.27 (−0.06, 4.60) | |
| DXA FMI | Q1 | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) |
| mid-childhood, kg/m2 | Q2 | 0.43 (0.01, 0.84) | 0.32 (−0.09, 0.73) | 0.24 (−0.16, 0.64) | 0.17 (−0.21, 0.56) |
| Q3 | 0.21 (−0.12, 0.54) | 0.24 (−0.09, 0.56) | 0.16 (−0.17, 0.48) | 0.13 (−0.19, 0.45) | |
| Q4 | 0.61 (0.27, 0.94) | 0.59 (0.24, 0.93) | 0.46 (0.12, 0.80) | 0.26 (−0.07, 0.59) | |
| DXA FMI | Q1 | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) | 0.0 (ref) |
| early adolescence, kg/m2 | Q2 | 0.36 (−0.34, 1.05) | 0.17 (−0.53, 0.87) | −0.03 (−0.70, 0.63) | −0.09 (−0.76, 0.58) |
| Q3 | 0.08 (−0.51, 0.67) | 0.13 (−0.47, 0.74) | −0.16 (−0.74, 0.41) | −0.09 (−0.67, 0.48) | |
| Q4 | 0.55 (−0.04, 1.14) | 0.57 (−0.04, 1.18) | 0.28 (−0.30, 0.86) | 0.07 (−0.52, 0.66) | |
NNS: Diet soda + NutraSweet/Equal packets
Model 1. Unadjusted
Model 2. Adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, parity, pre-pregnancy physical activity, and pregnancy smoking status
Model 3. Model 2 + pre-pregnancy BMI
Model 4. Model 3 + father’s BMI and education
DXA: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
FMI: Fat mass index