Table 4.
Association Between COVID-19 Stress and Worries and Changes (Current Functioning Compared to 3 months Prior to Pandemic) In Physical Health, Media Use, and Mental Health.
| No change/positive change |
Negative change |
Adjusted OR for COVID-19 worriesa,b,c |
Adjusted OR for COVID-19 stressa,d |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Physical health | ||||||
| Sleep duration | 144 (80.45) | 35 (19.6) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.5) | .02 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.4) | .10 |
| Physical activity | 90 (50.3) | 89 (49.7) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) | .32 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.2) | .04 |
| Outdoor time | 98 (54.8) | 81 (45.3) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | .67 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.1) | .05 |
| Media use | ||||||
| Television | 104 (58.8) | 73 (41.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | .40 | 1.4 (0.9, 2.0) | .09 |
| Social media | 138 (78.4) | 38 (21.6) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | .27 | 2.1 (1.3, 3.3) | .003 e |
| Gaming | 119 (67.2) | 58 (32.8) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.3) | .02 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | .56 |
| Mental health | ||||||
| General worry | 122 (70.1) | 52 (29.9) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | .16 | 2.0 (1.3, 3.1) | .001 e |
| Sad/depressed | 109 (62.6) | 65 (37.4) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | .57 | 3.0 (1.9, 4.8) | <.001 e |
| Enjoying activities | 63 (36.4) | 110 (63.6) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) | .75 | 3.1 (1.9, 5.0) | <.001 e |
| Anxious/nervous | 123 (71.5) | 49 (28.5) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | .29 | 2.5 (1.6, 4.0) | <.001 e |
| Fidgety | 114 (65.9) | 59 (34.1) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | .68 | 2.6 (1.7, 4.1) | <.001 e |
| Fatigue | 108 (62.4) | 65 (37.6) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | .09 | 2.3 (1.5, 3.6) | <.001 e |
| Distractibility | 113 (64.9) | 61 (35.1) | 0.7 (0.5, 1,1) | .11 | 2.1 (1.4, 3.1) | <.001 e |
| Irritable | 99 (56.9) | 75 (43.1) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | .27 | 2.8 (1.8, 4.4) | <.001 e |
| Lonely | 86 (49.4) | 88 (50.6) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | .60 | 3.7 (2.2, 6.1) | <.001 e |
| Negative thoughts | 131 (75.3) | 43 (24.7) | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) | .04 | 4.0 (2.3, 6.9) | <.001 e |
Note. aN = 165–168.
b
No associations surviving FDR correction.
c
Adjusted for COVID-19 stress, child age, child sex, ADHD medication use, externalizing disorder, internalizing disorder, neighborhood socio-economic status, and financial insecurity.
d
Adjusted for COVID-19 worries, child age, child sex, ADHD medication use, externalizing disorder, internalizing disorder, neighborhood socio-economic status, and financial insecurity.
e
p-values below FDR threshold of p = .034.