Table 2.

Sarcopenia diagnosis in each of the included studies.

Study	Sarcopenia assessment tool	Sarcopenia parameters	Cut-off used
Giraudo C et al. [20] 2021	Chest CT-scan at T12 level	Skeletal muscle density measured in Hounsfield unit (Hu)	Hounsfield unit (Hu) values < 30
Kara O et al. [21] 2021	Electronic Smedley hand dynamometer	Handgrip strength (in kg)	Two standard deviations below the gender-specific peak mean value of the healthy young adults (i.e. <32 kg in males and <19 kg in females).
Kim JW et al. [22] 2021	Chest CT-scan at T12 level	Skeletal muscle index (SMI)	-Men: ≤24 cm2/m2 -Women: ≤20 cm2/m2
Ma Y et al. [23] 2021	SARC-F scale by experienced geriatricians within 24 h of admission	SARC-F scale which consist of five component: strength; assistance walking; rise from a chair; climb stairs; and falls (score 0–10)	Total score ≥4
McGovern J et al. [24] 2021	Abdominal CT-scan at L3 level	Body mass index (BMI) and Skeletal muscle index (SMI)	-Men: BMI <25 kg/m2 and SMI <43 cm2/m2, or BMI ≥25 and SMI <53 cm2/m2 -Women: BMI <25 and SMI <41 cm2/m2, or BMI ≥25 and SMI <41 cm2/m2
Moctezuma-Velazquez P et al. [25] 2021	Chest CT-scan at T12 level	Skeletal muscle index (SMI)	-Men: <42.6 cm2/m2 -Women: <30.6 cm2/m2
Schiaffino S et al. [26] 2021	Chest CT-scan at T12 level	Skeletal muscle area (SMA)	SMAT12 <3100 mm2
Wilkinson TJ et al. [27] 2021	Bioelectrial impedance analysis (BIA)	Appendicular lean mass (ALM)/height2 index or ALM/body mass index (BMI)	-ALM index (ALM/height2) <7.26 kg/m2 for men and <5.45 kg/m2 for women as per EWGSOP2 criteria; or -ALM/body mass index (BMI) < 0.789 in men and <0.512 in women as per Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project criteria
Yi X et al. [28] 2021	Chest CT-scan at T12 level	Skeletal muscle index (SMI)	ALM index (ALM/height2) <7.26 kg/m2 for men and <5.45 kg/m2 for women as per EWGSOP2 criteria